Antimicrobial Activity of Some Essential Oils against Methicillin-Susceptible and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius-Associated Pyoderma in Dogs

Abstract

This study aimed to test in vitro the antimicrobial activity of 11 essential oils (EOs) against four methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and four methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) clinical isolates. The obtained findings demonstrated a clear in vitro efficacy of some tested EOs against both MRSP and MSSP strains. Particularly, modal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 1:2048 v/v for Melissa officinalis against an MSSP strain to 1:256 v/v for Cymbopogoncitratus against all MRSP strains were observed. The best results, highlighting a modal MIC value of 1:1024 v/v for all tested isolates, was provided by Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Intriguingly, Cinnamomum zeylanicum showed, in many cases, a correspondence between minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and MIC values, indicating that the inhibiting dose is also often bactericidal. Moreover, a mild antibacterial and bactericidal activity against both MRSP and MSSP isolates was detected for the other tested EOs. Considering the zoonotic potential of S. pseudintermedius and the increased dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains, the employment of EOs could be useful for the treatment of canine pyoderma. Since antibiotic resistance has become the most urgent issue, from the perspective of the One Health initiative, alternative therapeutic approaches are desirable to limit the use of antibiotics or to improve the efficacy of conventional therapies.

Use of Essential Oils in Veterinary Medicine to Combat Bacterial and Fungal Infections

“…The in vitro antimicrobial activity of some EOs was tested against four methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius and four methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius canine cutaneous clinical isolates. The best results against all strains were provided by C. zeylanicum , M. officinalis , Leptospermum scoparium , S. montana , and C. citratus EOs [ 57 ].…”

Antimicrobial and Antiviral (SARS-CoV-2) Potential of Cannabinoids and Cannabis sativa: A Comprehensive Review

“…It can increase the effectiveness of kanamycin against Staphylococcus aureus without affecting MV release [ 63 ]. The EO exhibited bactericidal activity against clinically isolated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) from dogs suffering from pyoderma [ 102 ]. A combination of ciprofloxacin with EO significantly decreased MIC against Bacillus subtilis, S. aureus and Micrococcus luteus due to partial and full synergism [ 60 ].…”

“…It can be assumed that the bioactivity of C. sativa extracts and EOs fundamentally come from compounds such as cannabinoids, phenolics and terpenes [ 60 , 101 , 110 ]. The anntimicrobial profile of low-level THC content of C. sativa (industrial hemp) is partially related to CBD [ 94 ], CBDA [ 103 ], phenolics including flavonoids, caffeoyltyramine, cannabisin and polyphenols [ 99 , 101 ] and terpenes including α-pinene, α-humulene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, (E) caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and myrcene [ 60 , 93 , 94 , 102 , 110 , 111 ].…”

“…Extracts are sometimes suggested for topical use for treatment of skin disorders caused by biofilms of antibiotic resistant bacteria [ 95 , 102 , 115 ]. Based on the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of CBD, phase II clinical trials are undergoing for the topical treatment of acne (NCT03573518) and atopic dermatitis (NCT03824405) [ 49 ] and for nasal decolonization of MRSA [ 274 ].…”

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Canine Staphylococcus spp. Isolates

“…A few years after the introduction of this molecule for clinical treatment, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains rose up and spread [ 21 ]. Though S. aureus strains are the principal bacteria involved in methicillin resistance, some other species, including S. pseudointermedius , can develop resistance to this antimicrobial [ 16 , 21 , 22 ].…”