Antimicrobial Activity of Seven Essential Oils From Iranian Aromatic Plants Against Common Causes of Oral Infections

Abstract

Background:Over the past two decades, there has been a growing trend in using oral hygienic products originating from natural resources such as essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts. Seven aromatic plants used in this study are among popular traditional Iranian medicinal plants with potential application in modern medicine as anti-oral infectious diseases.Objectives:This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from seven medicinal plants against pathogens causing oral infections.Materials and Methods:The chemical compositions of EOs distilled from seven plants were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). These plants included Satureja khuzestanica, S. bachtiarica, Ocimum sanctum, Artemisia sieberi, Zataria multiflora, Carum copticum and Oliveria decumbens. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated by broth micro-dilution in 96 well plates as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) methods.Results:The tested EOs inhibited the growth of examined oral pathogens at concentrations of 0.015-16 µL/mL. Among the examined oral pathogens, Enterococcus faecalis had the highest Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Microbicidal Concentrations (MMCs). Of the examined EOs, S. khuzestanica, Z. multiflora and S. bachtiarica, showed the highest antimicrobial activities, respectively, while Artemisia sieberi exhibited the lowest antimicrobial activity.Conclusions:The excellent antimicrobial activities of the tested EOs might be due to their major phenolic or alcoholic monoterpenes with known antimicrobial activities. Hence, these EOs can be possibly used as an antimicrobial agent in treatment and control of oral pathogens.

Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Combination with Zataria multiflora Essential Oil and Methanol Extract

“…The oil was collected and dried using anhydrous sodium sulfate and stored in a tightly closed dark vial at +4°C until use. The essential oil was prepared by hydrodistillation, and the major oil components were analyzed by a combination of capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) (16, 17). …”

“…Microbial suspensions were adjusted to 0.5 MacFarland and diluted to 1 × 10 6 CFU/mL, then 100 mL of the suspension was added to each well and incubated at 35 ± 2°C for 24 hours. MIC values were determined as the lowest concentration of compound that inhibited bacteria after 24 hours (17, 18). …”

Antimicrobial Effects of Zataria multiflora Extract Mouthrinse on Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures- an In Vitro Study

“…It is an herbal plant and usually grows in Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan. According to Eftekhar et al (28) carvacrol and thymol are the main components of ZM which produce antimicrobial effects against fungus, E. coli and S. aureus Zomorodian supported the idea of using ZM in mouthwashes and denture cleansers, since they show high efficacy in inhibiting microbial strains, even in the plantitic form (29). Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity and pleasant odor and flavor of ZM are additional advantages to their antimicrobial activities to be used as a mouth rinse and other oral hygienic products (30).…”

Antibacterial properties of Carum copticum essential oil against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus isolated from canine dental plaque

“…Dental plaques are adherent bacterial communities that form on tooth surfaces, particularly in places where mechanical salivary removal is reduced (Zambori et al 2012). Many investigations have revealed the significant role of human dental plaque in dental caries (e.g., Zomorodian et al 2015). The prevalence of dental caries among adults in industrialised countries reaches almost 100% of the population.…”