Antimicrobial Activity of Savlon®, Izal® and Z-Germicide® Against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Hospital Wards

Ifeanyichukwu, Iroha; Oji, Akuma; Nwosu, O.K.; Amadi, ES

doi:10.3923/ejdm.2011.32.35

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Comparable findings were reported in studies conducted in Nigeria and Ethiopia [28,37]. We demonstrated that lower dilutions of PVP-I 2 were effective against 100% of the drug-sensitive group and 76.4% of the MDR group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

QacE and QacE?1 Genes and Their Correlation to Antibiotics and Biocides Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Helal¹,

Khan²

2015

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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One of the serious and growing challenges for infection control programs worldwide is hospital acquired infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered the most common cause of hospital acquired Gramnegative infections. Intensive exposure of hospital pathogens to biocides may result in the emergence of resistance not only to the biocides, but possibly to antibiotics as well. Thus, the current study was done to investigate the prevalence of qacE∆1 and qacE genes and their correlation to antibiotics and biocides resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Egypt. The antimicrobial activity of six biocides against drug sensitive and multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. Phenol and formalin displayed a higher antimicrobial activity compared to other biocides tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of chlorine releasing agents were higher than the dilution prescribed by their manufactures. The qacE∆1 gene was identified in 57.8% of multidrug resistant isolates and 21.4% in susceptible strains, While, qacE gene was only detected among multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study reported a correlation between qacE∆1 and multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while there was no correlation between the presence of qac genes and increased MIC values to biocides. The effectiveness of biocides is very important to control microbial population and prevent the transmission of infections in hospitals. In conclusion we highlight the need for health care facilities to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of biocides periodically.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

QacE and QacE?1 Genes and Their Correlation to Antibiotics and Biocides Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Helal¹,

Khan²

2015

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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“…The 1:2 dilutions (1% concentration) of it found to be effective against 70.4% of the isolates. Comparable finding was reported from study done in Nigeria where 61% of P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to the Savlon at 1% concentration [35].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Disinfectants Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Mitiku¹

2014

AJBLS

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P. aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogen that causes nosocomial infections often acquired from hospital environment and contaminated medical devices. The infections caused by this bacterium are particularly problematic because it is inherently resistant to several unrelated antimicrobial agents and antiseptics. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine drug resistance and disinfectants susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples and hospital environments. A laboratory based cross sectional study was conducted from May to September, 2012 on a total of 81 P. aeruginosa isolates. A standard bacteriological technique (conventional biochemical tests and pigment production) was used to identify the bacterium. Drug resistance and disinfectant susceptibility tests were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion and through the classic method of successive dilutions respectively. In this study a total of 305 (160 clinical and 145 environmental) samples were investigated for P. aeruginosa and 81 isolates were obtained. This gives an overall P. aeruginosa isolation rate of 26.5% (81/305). About 47.5% of the clinical and 34.2% environmental isolates were detected from wounds and ward sinks respectively. Of these P. aeruginosa isolates, 95.1% were resistance to Trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole, 62% to Gentamicin, and 58% to Ceftriaxone. But, only 4.9% of isolates were resistance to Amikacin. Moreover, disinfectant susceptibility test revealed that hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite had a higher (92.6% & 91.4%) bactericidal activity compared to ethanol and savlon at the recommended user dilution. In general, our results indicated that P. aeruginosa was significantly resistance to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs, a situation that demands a more rational and appropriate use of antibiotics. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite were relatively more effective when used in recommended dilution. However, all tested disinfectants or antiseptics showed reduced bactericidal activities in higher dilutions. Therefore, strict adherence to the recommended dilution is important for better activity. The correct use of them also has to be considered appropriately as part of infection control practices.

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“…Some other studies have also suggested a potential molecular link between reduced susceptibility to some disinfectants and antibiotic resistance (Kaulfers et al, 1987). In the same vein, Iroha et al (2011) reported that resistance of microorganisms to disinfectants within the hospital, industry and other community setting is an emerging public health concern.…”

Section: Ajmmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The susceptibility testing of the commonly used disinfectants were ascertained using agar well diffusion method (Awodele et al, 2007;Iroha et al, 2011).…”

Section: Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological Examination of Computer Keyboards and Mouse Devices and Their Susceptibility Patterns to Disinfectants

Chimezie¹

2013

American Journal of Microbiology

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Computers are ubiquitous and have been shown to be contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria in some communities. There is no economical way to test all the keyboards and mouse out there, but there are common-sense ways to prevent bacterial contamination or eliminate it if it exists. In this study, swabs specimens were collected from surfaces of 250 computer keyboards and mouse and plated on different bacteriological media. Organisms growing on the media were purified and identified using microbiological standards. It was found that all the tested computer keyboards and mouse devices, were positive for microbial contamination. The percentages of isolated bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.) were 43.3, 40.9, 30.7, 34.1, 18.3, 18.2, 7.7 and 6.8% for computer keyboards and mouse respectively. The isolated bacteria were tested against the 6 different disinfectants (Dettol, Isol, Izal, JIK, Purit and Septol ® ). Antibacterial effects of the disinfectants were also concentration dependent. The agar well diffusion technique for determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was employed. The Killing rate (K) and Decimal Reduction Time (DRT) of the disinfectants on the organism were also determined. The overall result of this study showed that Dettol ® , followed by JIK ® was highly effective against all the bacterial isolates tested while Septol and Izal ® were least effective. Isol and Purit ® showed moderate antibacterial effects. Keyboards and mouse should be disinfected daily. However, it is recommended that heightened surveillance of the microbial examination of computer keyboards should be undertaken at predetermined intervals.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Savlon®, Izal® and Z-Germicide® Against Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Hospital Wards

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

QacE and QacE?1 Genes and Their Correlation to Antibiotics and Biocides Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa

QacE and QacE?1 Genes and Their Correlation to Antibiotics and Biocides Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Disinfectants Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Samples in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

Bacteriological Examination of Computer Keyboards and Mouse Devices and Their Susceptibility Patterns to Disinfectants

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