Antimicrobial activity of ozone and NaF-chlorhexidine on early childhood caries

Abstract

An early childhood carie (ECC) is an extremely destructive form of tooth decay. The aim of this study was to investigate the action of ozone (O 3 ), and the association of sodium fluoride (NaF) with chlorhexidine (CHX) on bacteria related to ECC. Overnight culture of the bacteria was performed. On exponential phase the suspension was adjusted (10 1 -10 8 CFU/mL). A drop (10μL) of each concentration of bacteria was applied on sheep blood agar plates and treated with O 3 (2, 20, 200, and 2,000 ppm); after 18 hours, recovery analysis of CFU verified the reduction of bacterial activity. For NaF-CHX, sterile 96-well plates were prepared and divided into groups: G1 (150 µL TSB); G2 (20 µL of bacteria + 25 µL CHX + 25 µL NaF); and G3 (150 µL TSB + 20 µL of bacteria + 50 µL water). The plates were verified by analysis of the optical density (0, 12, 14, 16, and 18 hours). The data from O 3 test were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). For the data from NaF-CHX, the ANOVA 2-way and Bonferroni's test (p < 0.05) were used. The number of CFU/mL showed death > 3log10 (99.9%) for all bacteria (ozone ≥ 20ppm), while the combination of NaF-CHX was more effective (p < 0.001) compared to each substance tested alone and the control group. The antimicrobial agents tested were able to inhibit all bacteria tested; O 3 seemed to be a good alternative for controlling progression of carious lesions, while the association of NaF-CHX showed to be a good antimicrobial with easy and inexpensive application.

Effect of Cavity Disinfectants on Dentin Bond Strength and Clinical Success of Composite Restorations—A Systematic Review of In Vitro, In Situ and Clinical Studies

“…Of all the species implicated in dental caries, epidemiologic evidence associates Streptococcus mutans as the main initiator of dental caries and it is known that chlorhexidine has a strong antibacterial capacity against it. Chlorhexidine also has the ability to inhibit the formation of the acquired pellicle, acting as an antiplaque agent [ 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 ].…”

Mouthwash Based on Ozonated Olive Oil in Caries Prevention: A Preliminary In-Vitro Study

“…Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of mouthwashes based on ozonated olive oil against S. mutans by in-vitro and in-vivo clinical studies in high-caries-risk children and adult populations and in subjects with oral breathing that need orthodontic therapy [28][29][30].…”

Particular device producing ozonated water to treat dentinal sensitivity: a pilot study

“…A work of Anumula et al carried out on 2 groups of 23 patients highlighted that ozone has a greater effect compared to chlorhexidine in reducing the CFU of Streptococcus Mutans, the main caries pathogen [11]. Ximenes et al instead have proposed it in addition to sodium floride and chlorhexidine to reduce the incidence of caries in children [17]. In an interesting in vitro study of 2016 by Samuel et al the researchers found that ozonated water could be useful for stopping the formation of caries when it is in the initial stage, this means that the number of conservative dentistry interventions would be reduced to the benefit of the patients, in the concept of mini-invasive dentistry [18].…”