Antimicrobial Activity of Leave Extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Aspilia africana on Pathogenic Wound Isolates Recovered from Patients Admitted in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Abstract

The incidence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria to synthetic drugs is on the increase, as such there is the need for new and safer antimicrobials especially, from natural sources like plants. Leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Aspilia africana are among the many that have been used by rural dwellers as medicines to treat infections. Methanol, hot water and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Aspilia africana were obtained and their antimicrobial activity testing against three microorganisms isolated from wound which includes Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results indicated that the methanol extract of both plants had higher antimicrobial activity against the test isolates as compared with their ethanol extracts; while the hot water extracts had no antimicrobial activity against the isolates. Ethanol extracts of both plants showed little antimicrobial activity against the test isolates. S. aureus was more susceptible to methanolic extract of B. pinnatum with a zone of inhibition of 4 mm, E. coli was 3.0 mm while that of P. aeruginosa was 1.0 mm. Susceptibility pattern of the isolates to A. africana showed that P. aeruginosa was more susceptible with a zone of inhibition of 6.0 mm; that of S. aureus was 5.0 mm while that of E. coli was 3.0 mm. This shows that methanolic extracts of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Aspilia africana can be used against pathogenic organisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which can cause slow healing of wounds.

Investigation of the antibacterial activities of methanolic and water extracts of Gongronema latifolium, Psidium guajava and Aspilia africana

“…Africana is scantily evident, as found in the present study, and as reported earlier (Obioma et al, 2017). No activity was recorded when the aqueous extract was used against the test bacteria.…”

“…Among the extracts, A. africana's methanolic extract was the most active against P. aeruginosa. Considering the etiologic roles of P. aeruginosa in the wound and biofilmassociated infections, which risk especially increases with the prolonged use of in dwelling prosthetic and catheter devices (Dosler and Kraaslan 2014;Sharma et al, 2014;Obioma et al, 2017), the result suggests prospect of A. africana-based formulations for wound and resistance infection treatment. A similar observation of the high activity of the plant against P. aeruginosa was also, made in another study (Ezeigbo et al, 2016).…”

Chemical profiling, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of pomegranate, orange and banana peel-extracts against pathogenic microorganisms

“…Compared to pomegranate ethanol extract, the methanolic extract showed the greatest antimicrobial activities against different pathogens [ 43 , 44 ]. Also, [ 45 ] recorded that the ethanol extract of Musa sapientum peel can be used to control infections caused by Saalmonella typhi and E. coli , our study showed that many pathogens were not affected by neither methanolic nor ethanolic extracts of orange or banana peels.…”

From Treatise to Test: Evaluating Traditional Remedies for Anti-Biofilm Potential

“…Kalanchoe pinnata (Akinpelu, 2000;Akinsulire et al, 2007;Gurnani et al, 2014;Kerekes et al, 2019), Cynodon dactylon (Rao et al, 2011;Abdullah et al, 2013;Chinthala et al, 2017), and Ocimum tenuiflorum (Cohen, 2014;Yamani et al, 2016), possess well-known medicinal properties, and are used for a variety of ailments in traditional medicine. Leaf extracts of these plants (methanol or ethanol-based) have been reported to have in vitro antimicrobial effects against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, using disc-diffusion assays (Akinpelu, 2000;Agarwal et al, 2010;Rao et al, 2011;Yamani et al, 2016;Obioma et al, 2017). Therefore, these three plant-based oil formulations were determined to be scientifically sound and testable.…”