Antimicrobial activity of human cervical mucus

Eggert‐Kruse, W.; Botz, Isabel; Pohl, Sabine; Rohr, Gerhard; Strowitzki, Thomas

doi:10.1093/humrep/15.4.778

Cited by 71 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…2 In our study, an ti bac te ri al ef fect ra te of cer vi cal mu cus samp les was 66% which is not com pa rab le with the re sults of the afo re men ti o ned study. We think this dif fe ren ce may ori gi na te from po pu la ti on dif fe rences, the stu di ed mic ro or ga nisms, study met hods or rhe o lo gic pro per ti es of cer vi cal mu cus.…”

Section: Fi Gu Recontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…2,4,6 In our study, we fo und that 28 (66.0%) of tes ted cer vi cal mu cus samp les sho wed an ti mic robi al ef fects at dif fe rent le vels aga inst one or mo re of the tes ted mic ro or ga nisms. An ti mic ro bi al ef ficacy ra tes in our study we re in ac cor dan ce with pre vi o us pub lis hed re ports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The re are a few stu di es fo cu sing on the enz yma tic pro per ti es of hu man cer vi cal mucus. 2,6,10 For ins tan ce, lyso si me is an im por tant factor for an ti mic ro bi al ef fect of many bo dily flu ids in hu mans. This enz yme le ads to bac te ri oly sis as a com po nent of non-spe ci fic de fen se system aga inst mic ro or ga nisms in synergy with lo cal im mu nog lobu lins and fac tors of comp le ment cas ca de.…”

Section: Fi Gu Rementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Antimicrobial Effects of Cervical Mucus in Pregnants and Its Relationship with the Course of Pregnancy

Gül¹,

Tuncer²,

Berktaş³

2010

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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A AB BS S TTR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : To in ves ti ga te whet her the cer vi cal mu cus in preg nants has an ti mic ro bi al activity in vit ro and to de ter mi ne its re la ti ons hip with prog no sis of preg nancy. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Cervi cal mu cus samp les we re col lec ted from 50 wo men with sing le preg nancy du ring the first tri mes ter. Ste ri li zed Wart man pa pers we re so a ked in to mu cus samp les and dri ed un der ste ri le con di ti ons. Cul turing was per for med by disk dif fu si on met hod which uses Mil ler Hin ton me di um and Mac-Far land 0.5 so lu ti on pre pa red with Staph ylo coc cus au re us, Esc he ric hi a co li, Kleb si el la pne u mo ni a and Can di da albi cans. Po si ti ve or ne ga ti ve zo nes we re de ter mi ned by me a su ring the di a me ters of in hi bi ti on zo nes occur red fol lo wing 18 ho urs in cu ba ti on pe ri od. Prog no sis of preg nants with or wit ho ut an ti mic ro bi al ef fect of cer vi cal mu cus we re com pa red. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : In 28 ca ses, it was de mons tra ted that cer vi cal mu cus had an ti mic ro bi al ef fects. Du ring the fol low-up pe ri od of 27 preg nants, 22 (81.5%) ga ve vi ab le birth in term, 3 (11.1%) had abor tus, and 1 (3.7%) had early mem bra ne rup tu re at 36th we ek of ges ta ti on. In 22 ca ses, cer vi cal mu cus sho wed no an ti mic ro bi al ef fect. 20 of the se fol lo wed-up and 14 (70.0%) parti ci pants ga ve vi ab le birth at term, 3 (15.0%) had abor tus, and 2 (10.0%) had pre term de li very. The re was no sta tis ti cally sig ni fi cant dif fe ren ce bet we en the two gro ups in terms of preg nancy prog no sis. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on n: : Cer vi cal mu cus pre vents in fec ti ons from va gi na to up per ge ni tal or gans not only mec hani cally but al so by func ti o ning as a che mi cal bar ri er. In our study, it is es tab lis hed that presence or absence an ti mic ro bi al ef fect of mu cus do es not ha ve a sig ni fi cant im pact on the prog no sis of preg nancy. We think that stu di es with gre a ter num ber of par ti ci pants may gi ve dif fe rent re sults. K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s: : Cer vix mu cus; preg nancy out co me; an ti-in fec ti ve agents; sec re tory le u kocy te pep ti da se in hi bi tor Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : İn vit ro ola rak ge be ler de ki ser vi kal mu ku sun an ti mik ro bi yal ak ti vi te ye sa hip olup, olma dı ğı nı araş tır mak ve ge be lik prog no zu ile olan iliş ki si ni sap ta mak. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Elli adet tekiz ilk tri mes tır ge be den ser vi kal mu kus alın dı. Mu kus lar steri li ze Wart man ka ğıt la rın dan ha zır lan mış disk le re em di ril di ve ste ril şart lar da ku ru tul du. Staph ylo coc cus au re us, Esc he ric hi a co li, Kleb si el la pne u mo ni a ve Can di da al bi cans'la ha zır lan mış Mac-Far land 0.5 so lus yon la rı, Mil ler Hin ton be si yerle ri kul la nı la rak disk dif füz yon yön te mi ile ekim ya pıl dı. On sekiz sa at lik in kü bas yon pe ri y...

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Section: Fi Gu Recontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Fi Gu Rementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the Antimicrobial Effects of Cervical Mucus in Pregnants and Its Relationship with the Course of Pregnancy

Gül¹,

Tuncer²,

Berktaş³

2010

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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“…The ␣-defensin HD-5 and the human ␤-defensins HBD-1 and HBD-2 originate from epithelial cells, and the synthesis and release of HBD-2 and HD-5 are induced by inflammatory stimuli (7,28,39). Lysozyme is released by neutrophils, as well as secreted from (predominantly cervical) epithelia, and is known to act synergistically with other AMP (8,17,33). Calprotectin is released from squamous epithelia but is also a major cytosolic protein in neutrophils and macrophages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Deficiency of Antimicrobial Polypeptides in Bacterial Vaginosis

Valore¹,

Wiley

Ganz³

2006

Infect Immun

125

108

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Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infections. In contrast, vulvovaginal candidiasis has a much weaker association with sexually transmitted diseases. We found that vaginal lavage fluid from women with bacterial vaginosis is deficient in antimicrobial polypeptides and antimicrobial activity compared to fluid from healthy women or women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Effective treatment normalized the concentrations of antimicrobial polypeptides in both bacterial vaginosis and in vulvovaginal candidiasis, suggesting that the abnormalities were a result of the diseases. Unlike in vulvovaginal candidiasis, the neutrophil attractant chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) was not increased in bacterial vaginosis, accounting for low concentrations of neutrophil-derived defensins in vaginal fluid. In organotypic cultures of human vaginal epithelium containing dendritic cells, treatment with Lactobacillus jensenii, a typical vaginal resident, induced the synthesis of IL-8 mRNA and the epithelial human ␤-defensin-2 mRNA, but a typical bacterial vaginosis pathogen, Gardnerella vaginalis, had no effect. When the two bacteria were combined, Gardnerella vaginalis did not interfere with the immunostimulatory effect of Lactobacillus jensenii. The loss of normal immunostimulatory flora in bacterial vaginosis is thus associated with a local deficiency of multiple innate immune factors, and this deficiency could predispose individuals to sexually transmitted diseases.The human vagina is a microbe-selective environment that supports commensal flora while resisting colonization by exogenous microbes. Lactobacilli, the predominant vaginal microbes, compete with exogenous microbes for attachment sites and nutrients and suppress exogenous flora by maintaining a low pH and secreting antimicrobial substances (bacteriocins) (2, 25). Moreover, vaginal and cervical epithelia secrete antimicrobial peptides and proteins that can contribute to the prevention of invasion by exogenous microbes (38). Despite these mechanisms, as many as 75% of women may experience an occasional vaginal infection, and some (5 to 10%) women suffer from recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) or vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) (9, 34).Epidemiologic and laboratory studies of BV indicate that this condition could alter the local host defense barrier to other infections, and, of most concern, the barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among women in South Africa (23), sex workers in Kenya (20), and pregnant women in Malawi (35), women with BV were at two to three times greater risk of subsequently acquiring HIV than were women without BV, and this difference persisted even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Several cross-sectional studies also reported the association of BV and HIV infection (6,12,21,30).

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“…The presence and antimicrobial activity of lysozyme in many tissues, body fluids and secretions, including amniotic fluid, vaginal fluid and cervical mucus plug [3,7,8,10,11,25,32] have already been described. We used the lysozyme inhibitor imidazole [33] for indirect detection of the presence/ action of lysozyme in the HFF samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Human Follicular Fluids

Stepanović

Djukić

Veljković³

et al. 2003

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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The aim of this study was to explore the antimicrobial activity of human follicular fluid (HFF), to test the hypothesis that different strains of the same bacterial species could display different patterns of susceptibility to antimicrobial action of HFF, and to preliminarily investigate the possible mechanism of antimicrobial action of this fluid. Antimicrobial activity of 60 samples of HFF toward 30 Streptococcus agalactiae strains was determined by the agar diffusion method and broth dilution method. To explore the mechanism of antimicrobial activity, biochemical analyses were performed with selected fluid samples. The obtained results indicate that 38.3% fluid samples did not inhibit bacterial growth, 53.3% showed moderate and 8.3% high antimicrobial activity. The tested effect of HFF on S. agalactiae strains was bactericidal and was not strain dependent. Lysozyme activity was detected in HFF exhibiting antimicrobial activity. There were no statistically significant differences in concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, transferrin, iron, total protein and albumin levels among tested samples regardless of the different rate of antimicrobial activity. The obtained results indicate that lysozyme is most probably a crucial antibacterial agent in this fluid; however, some other still unidentified factors may contribute to it.

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Antimicrobial activity of human cervical mucus

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Exploring the Antimicrobial Effects of Cervical Mucus in Pregnants and Its Relationship with the Course of Pregnancy

Exploring the Antimicrobial Effects of Cervical Mucus in Pregnants and Its Relationship with the Course of Pregnancy

Reversible Deficiency of Antimicrobial Polypeptides in Bacterial Vaginosis

Antimicrobial Activity of Human Follicular Fluids

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