Antimicrobial activity of graphene oxide-metal hybrids

Abstract

15With resistant bacteria on the increase, there is a need for new combinations of antimicrobials 16 / biocidal agents to help control the transmission of such microorganisms. Particulate forms of 17 graphite, graphene oxide (GO) and metal-hybrid compounds (silver-graphene oxide (AgGO) 18 and zinc oxide graphene oxide (ZnOGO)) were fabricated and characterised. X-Ray diffraction 19 and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy demonstrated the 20 composition of the compounds. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray 21 Spectroscopy determined the compounds were heterogeneous and irregular in shape and size 22 and that the level of silver in the AgGO sample was 57.9 wt.% and the ZnOGO contained 72.65 23 wt. % zinc. The compounds were tested for their antimicrobial activity against four prominent 24 bacteria; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium and Klebsiella 25 pneumoniae. AgGO was the most effective antimicrobial (Minimum inhibitory concentration 26 E. coli / Enterococcus faecium 0.125 mg mL -1 ; S. aureus / K. pneumoniae 0.25 mg mL -1 ). The 27 addition of Ag enhanced the activity of GO against the bacteria tested, including the generally 28 recalcitrant K. pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecium. These findings demonstrated that GO-29 metal hybrids have the potential to be utilised as novel antimicrobials or biocides in liquid 30 formulations, biomaterials or coatings for use in the treatment of wounds where medically 31 relevant bacteria are becoming increasingly resistant.32

Fitting the message to the location: engaging adults with antimicrobial resistance in a World War 2 air raid shelter

“…), graphene as a delivery tool (Whitehead et al . ), antimicrobial surfaces and surface hygiene as strategies to reduce cross‐contamination and cross‐infection (Fisher et al . ), and the particular problems posed by biofilm in terms of AMR (Whitehead and Verran ), three were selected, determined by staff availability.…”

“…Southam et al 2017), antimicrobial metals (e.g. Redfern et al 2017), natural antimicrobials such as essential oils (Kinninmonth et al 2013), graphene as a delivery tool (Whitehead et al 2017), antimicrobial surfaces and surface hygiene as strategies to reduce cross-contamination and cross-infection (Fisher et al 2014), and the particular problems posed by biofilm in terms of AMR (Whitehead and Verran 2015), three were selected, determined by staff availability. These were phage therapy, repurposing other drugs containing antimicrobial metals and the nature of biofilm.…”

Antimicrobial engineered nanoparticles in the built cultural heritage context and their ecotoxicological impact on animals and plants: a brief review

“…Graphene oxide has been shown to increase the stability of copper NPs [47] among others, and it not only stabilizes, but also increases the antimicrobial activity [48]. In this respect, silver graphene oxide (AgGO) has been shown to be a more effective antimicrobial than ZnGO [49]. Slate et al [50] reviewed various modified graphenes and their use in advanced 2D antimicrobial coatings.…”

Graphene Oxide Mediated Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Based on Bimodal Action of Photodynamic and Photothermal Effects

“…With a 5: 1 ratio of Ag to GO, a good biocompatibility, a strong antibacterial capacity and a high swelling ratio with sufficient mechanical resistance were obtained, which led to a greater wound healing ratio during a 15-day observation . Furthermore, recently GO-metal hybrid antimicrobial activity was observed against medically important microbes E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Klebsiella pneumonia (Whitehead et al, 2017).…”