Antimicrobial Activity of Extract and Fractions of Different Parts and GC-MS Profiling of Essential Oil of Cichorium intybus Extracted by Super Critical Fluid Extraction

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) has historically been grown worldwide and this plant has medicinal uses. It was used in the folk medicine of ancient. In Pakistan, this plant is widely grown and it has been used as a leafy vegetable 1 , bioactive forage 2. In recent years, a large number of medicinal functions of chicory have been researched. The extracts have also been known to reduce the level of lipids have hepatoprotective potential 3. Chicory has been validated to exhibit antibacterial 4 and antifungal activity 5. Furthermore, chicory is used as anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, chicory extracts are commonly observed as safe by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 6. Cichorium intybus is a potential source of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, saponins, fatty acids, volatile oils that make it suitable for use in medicines 7. The volatile component contains octane, n-nanodecane, pentadecanone, hexadecane and penta salicylate 8. The pharmacological studies indicated that chicory holds anticarcinogenic 9. Chicory roots have been in use as a digestive aid, diuretic, laxative and slight sedative 10 .

Novel Biodegradable Starch Film for Food Packaging with Antimicrobial Chicory Root Extract and Phytic Acid as a Cross-Linking Agent

“…[ 47 ]. This was also confirmed by the research of Amer [ 48 ], Shaikh et al [ 49 ], and Afzal et al [ 50 ], who found antimicrobial activity of chicory extracts against S. aureus B. cereus , Salmonella Typhimurium , E. coli , P. aeruginosa , C. albicans , A. niger , and Fusarium solnai. According to a study by Nandagopal at al.…”

Identification of compounds present in lipophilic extracts from Brachystola magna (Girard): substances with potential healing properties

“…Furthermore, it has been reported that hexatriacontane possess antioxidant (Taha et al 2021) and antimicrobial (Afzal et al 2014) activities; heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl-, methyl ester has exhibited antibacterial (Vijayakumar et al 2021) and antioxidant (Fatema et al 2019) activities as well as properties against skin cancer (Kandasamy et al 2012); oxalic acid, isobutyl nonyl ester has showed antibacterial (Tapfuma et al 2020), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer (Chinnasamy et al 2018) activities; 1-propene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester has been studied as an antioxidant (Xuan et al 2018) and as an agent for gastrointestinal infections (Theresa Ibibia et al 2016); 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester has shown antibacterial, antifungal (Akhtar et al 2020) and anti-inflammatory (Winner et al 2016) properties.…”

Antibacterial and phytochemical constituent of Etlingera rubroloba A.D. Poulsen extract, an endemic ginger from Wallacea Region, Indonesia

“…Antibacterial compounds in leaves extract were γ-Muurolene (Perigo et al 2016), 1-Tricosene (Susilo et al 2022), 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, 4-Di-tert-butylphenol (Aissaoui et al 2018) 9-Eicosene, (Lulamba et al 21021), α-Pinene (Rivas da Silva et al 2012;Dhar et al 2014). Cyclohexene, 4-methylene-1-(1 methylethyl)-or β-Terpinene (Guimarães et al 2019), Cyclopentaneacetic acid, 3-oxo-2-pentyl-, methyl ester (Shannon and Abu-Ghannam 2016), D-Limonene (Costa et al 2019;Han et al 2020), Ethylbenzene (Bellahcen et al 2019), Heptadecane, 8-methyl- (Ashraf et al 2018), Heptadecanoic acid, methyl ester (Mohadjerani et al 2016), Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (alkane); Hexatriacontane (alkane) (Afzal et al 2014), Isopropyl myristate (Cardoso et al 2006), Methyl stearate (fatty acid methyl ester) (Agoramoorthy et al 2007), Nonadecane (Wijayanti and Dewi 2022), Oxalic acid, allyl hexadecyl ester (Dicarboxylic acid) (Zayed and Samling 2016), o-Xylene (Nimbeshaho et al 2020), Pentadecanoic acid, 14methyl-, methyl ester (Fatty-acid) (Yoon et al 2018), p-Xylene (Nimbeshaho et al 2020), Tetratetracontane (Agarwal et al 2017, Jamil et al 2021), and Tritetracontane (Martins et al 2015. While antibacterial compounds in rhizome were 1HCyclopenta [1,3] [3aS (3a.alpha., 3b.beta., 4.beta.,7.alpha., 7aS) or β-Cubebene (Constant et al 2019);1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1a.alpha., 4a.alpha.,7.beta.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.…”