Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from clove and lemongrass against pathogenic bacteria isolated from bovine, swine and poultry feces

Hydrolates obtained via the hydrodistillation and steam distillation of Lavandulaangustifolia Mill., Syzygiumaromaticum L., Foeniculumvulgare Mill., and Laurusnobilis L. were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Additionally, the hydrolates were evaluated for antimicrobial activity (disk-diffusion and microdilution method), influence on biofilm formation (Christensen method) and cytotoxicity of concentrated hydrolates against human cell lines (A549) by xCELLigence system. Using chemical analysis, 48, 9, 13 and 33 different components were detected in lavender, clove, fennel and laurel hydrolates, respectively. Lavender hydrolate contained the largest proportion of 1,8-cineol, linalool furanoxide, and linalool. The main components of laurel hydrolate were 1,8-cineol, 4-terpineol and α-terpineol. Fenchone and estragole were the most abundant in fennel hydrolate, and eugenol and eugenyl acetate in clove hydrolate. Concentrated hydrolates showed significant antimicrobial activity. Clove hydrolate was among the most antimicrobially active agents, most preferably against C. albicans, with an inhibition zone up to 23.5 mm. Moreover, concentrated hydrolates did not show any cytotoxic effect again8 st human A549 cells. In the presence of the non-concentrated hydrolates, significantly reduced biofilm formation was observed; however, with concentrated clove hydrolate, there was an increase in biofilm formation, e.g., of A. thereius, A. lanthieri, and A. butzleri. Research shows new findings about hydrolates that may be important in natural medicine or for preservation purposes.

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“…It has been previously reported that clove EO also exhibits significant inhibitory effects against Ps. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli [42].…”

Section: Non-concentrated Hydrolate (H Hd H Sd )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms

et al. 2020

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Composition, Bioactivities, Microbiome, Safety Concerns, and Impact of Essential Oils on the Health Status of Domestic Animals

Sivamaruthi,

Kesika,

Daungchana

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Essential oils (EOs) are highly concentrated and volatile blends of nonpolar substances that are derived from aromatic plant components and comprise terpenes, terpenoids, and phenylpropanoids, exhibiting diverse biological and pharmacological properties. The burgeoning pet industry is interested in EOs as a potential solution for common health issues in domestic animals, particularly in addressing antimicrobial resistance. The present literature review summarizes the composition, properties, benefits, safety considerations, and effects of EOs on domestic animals. The applications of EOs range from antimicrobial effects to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities, etc. The chemical constituents of EOs, exemplified by eucalyptus EO and rosemary EO, highlight their distinct aromatic profiles and potential benefits. Nevertheless, understanding the chemical makeup of EOs is fundamental to assessing their potential impacts on biological systems. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating various metabolic processes in the host, including energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Safety considerations, including potential toxicity risk awareness, are essential when incorporating EOs into animal care routines. The feed additives incorporating EOs have shown promise in influencing gut microbiota balance, reducing inflammation, and acting as antioxidants. However, considering the potential risks associated with high doses or multiple administrations, cautious application is paramount. Preliminary studies suggest low toxicity levels, but further research is required to evaluate the safety of EOs. Though studies have reported the beneficial effects of EOs on pets and animals, further research is needed to validate the findings in real-world conditions. The paper also discussed the regulatory considerations and future perspectives on applying EOs in veterinary medicine.

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Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from clove and lemongrass against pathogenic bacteria isolated from bovine, swine and poultry feces

Cited by 2 publications

References 33 publications

Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms

Chemical Composition of Natural Hydrolates and Their Antimicrobial Activity on Arcobacter-Like Cells in Comparison with Other Microorganisms

Composition, Bioactivities, Microbiome, Safety Concerns, and Impact of Essential Oils on the Health Status of Domestic Animals

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