Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste

Vasanthi, K.; ., K.Chairman; A, J A Ranjit Singh

doi:10.5897/ajest2013.1455

Cited by 16 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…Our findings demonstrated that redworm mucus and vermiwash had an antagonistic effect on F. graminearum, especially in the absence of the antibiotic (PDA-). The phenomenon is possibly linked to antimicrobial and antifungal properties associated with redworm extracts (Ditshipi, 2007;Schrader et al, 2013;Vasanthi et al, 2013). On the antibiotic-free medium, the inoculum was uninhibited, leading to mycelial growth suppression of 16% (14-d vermiwash) and 26% (pure mucus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Redworm Extracts against Fusarium Root Rot during Wheat Seedling Emergence

et al. 2019

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Globally, Fusarium root rot, which is caused by Fusarium graminearum, reduces wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and quality up to 20%. Colonization of roots by F. graminearum has been recognized, but controlling Fusarium root rot using worm extracts (mucus, vermicompost tea, and vermiwash) has received little attention. We report the antagonistic properties of redworm (Eisenia fetida) extracts against F. graminearum and their effects on wheat seedling growth. Mycelial growth inhibition against the fungus was conducted in quintuplicate using the extracts in vitro. The extracts significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus under in vitro conditions, and there was significant interaction between the infections and extracts for all the parameters measured (root and shoot lengths, root biomass, and disease index). Redworm mucus and 14‐d vermiwash produced moderately (26%) to relatively less (16%) antifungal activity, respectively. Vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea were able to inhibit Fusarium root rot and improve (>58%) the growth of the inoculated seedlings under laboratory conditions. Vermiwash also acted as nutritional supplement, enhancing plant growth. The extracts suppressed F. graminearum and could serve as a potential bio‐fungicide in the integrated management of Fusarium root rot in wheat. Longer term experiments under field conditions are needed to validate the findings from the current study. Core Ideas The redworm extracts (vermiwash and augmented vermicompost tea) were able to inhibit Fusarium root rot (>58%) of the inoculated seedlings. Likewise redworm extracts acted as nutritional supplement, enhancing plant growth. Redworm extract suppressed F. graminearum and could serve as a potential bio‐fungicide in integrated management of Fusarium root rot in wheat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Redworm Extracts against Fusarium Root Rot during Wheat Seedling Emergence

et al. 2019

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Candida albicans cell wall as a target of action for the protein–carbohydrate fraction from coelomic fluid of Dendrobaena veneta

Fiołka

Mieszawska

Czaplewska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The protein–polysaccharide fraction (AAF) isolated from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta destroys C. albicans cells by changing their morphology, disrupting cell division, and leading to cell death. Morphological changes in C. albicans cells induced by treatment with AAF were documented using DIC, SEM, and AFM. Congo Red staining showed that the fungal wall structure was changed after incubation with AAF. The effect on C. albicans cell walls was shown by AFM analysis of the surface roughness of fungal cell walls and changes in the wall thickness were visualized using Cryo-SEM. The FTIR analysis of C. albicans cells incubated with AAF indicated attachment of protein or peptide compounds to the fungal walls. The intact LC–ESI–MS analysis allowed accurate determination of the masses of molecules present in AAF. As shown by the chromatographic study, the fraction does not cross biological membranes. The Cryo-TEM analysis of AAF demonstrated the ability of smaller subunits to combine into larger agglomerates. AAF is thermally stable, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. AAF can be considered as a potential antifungal antibiotic with activity against clinical C. albicans strains.

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Metabolic, structural, and proteomic changes in Candida albicans cells induced by the protein-carbohydrate fraction of Dendrobaena veneta coelomic fluid

Fiołka

Czaplewska

Wójcik-Mieszawska

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The isolated protein-polysaccharide fraction (AAF) from the coelomic fluid of Dendrobaena veneta earthworm shows effective activity against Candida albicans yeast. Fungal cells of the clinical strain after incubation with the active fraction were characterized by disturbed cell division and different morphological forms due to the inability to separate the cells from each other. Staining of the cells with acridine orange revealed a change in the pH of the AAF-treated cells. It was observed that, after the AAF treatment, the mitochondrial DNA migrated towards the nuclear DNA, whereupon both merged into a single nuclear structure, which preceded the apoptotic process. Cells with a large nucleus were imaged with the scanning electron cryomicroscopy (Cryo-SEM) technique, while enlarged mitochondria and the degeneration of cell structures were shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The loss of the correct cell shape and cell wall integrity was visualized by both the TEM and SEM techniques. Mass spectrometry and relative quantitative SWATH MS analysis were used to determine the reaction of the C. albicans proteome to the components of the AAF fraction. AAF was observed to influence the expression of mitochondrial and oxidative stress proteins. The oxidative stress in C. albicans cells caused by the action of AAF was demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy, proteomic methods, and XPS spectroscopy. The secondary structure of AAF proteins was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Analysis of the elemental composition of AAF confirmed the homogeneity of the preparation. The observed action of AAF, which targets not only the cell wall but also the mitochondria, makes the preparation a potential antifungal drug killing the cells of the C. albicans pathogen through apoptosis.

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Antimicrobial activity of earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) paste

Cited by 16 publications

References 14 publications

Effect of Redworm Extracts against Fusarium Root Rot during Wheat Seedling Emergence

Effect of Redworm Extracts against Fusarium Root Rot during Wheat Seedling Emergence

Candida albicans cell wall as a target of action for the protein–carbohydrate fraction from coelomic fluid of Dendrobaena veneta

Metabolic, structural, and proteomic changes in Candida albicans cells induced by the protein-carbohydrate fraction of Dendrobaena veneta coelomic fluid

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