Antimicrobial Activity of Different Artemisia Essential Oil Formulations

Abstract

The extreme lipophilicity of essential oils (EOs) impedes the measurement of their biological actions in an aqueous environment. We formulated oil in water type Pickering Artemisia annua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) with surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) as the stabilizing agent. The antimicrobial activity of AEP and its effects on mature Candida biofilms were compared with those of Tween 80 stabilized emulsion (AET) and ethanolic solution (AEE) of the Artemisia EO. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) and minimum effective concentrations (MEC10) of the compounds. On planktonic bacterial and fungal cells beside growth inhibition, colony formation (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, viability, intracellular ATP/total protein (ATP/TP), along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied. Artemisia annua EO nanoemulsion (AEP) showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity than AET and AEE. Artemisia annua EO nanoemulsions (AEP) generated superoxide anion and peroxides-related oxidative stress, which might be the underlying mode of action of the Artemisia EO. Unilamellar liposomes, as a cellular model, were used to examine the delivery efficacy of the EO of our tested formulations. We could demonstrate higher effectiveness of AEP in the EO components’ donation compared to AET and AEE. Our data suggest the superiority of the AEP formulation against microbial infections.

Chemical Characterization of Three Accessions of Brassica juncea L. Extracts from Different Plant Tissues

“…On the other hand, quantification is possible in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode, with selected ions calibrated with external standards. In this work, all samples were analyzed by GC-MS for compound identification, and FID for reliable peak quantification [ 34 , 35 ]. Figure 3 reports the GC-MS chromatograms of the volatile content of leaves of the three Brassica cultivars investigated, collected at the edible salad phase, when plants are about 15–20 cm high, while Table 3 reports the correspondent quantitative determination by GC-FID.…”

Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Vital Physiological Enzymes Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia jordanica Leaves Essential Oil from Palestine

“…EOs from different Artemisia species are well documented for their antimicrobial activity and several investigations have reported that they displayed remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities against several microbial strains [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Nanoparticles—Attractive Carriers of Antimicrobial Essential Oils

“…It involves the hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxide monomers into a colloidal solution that acts as a precursor to form an ordered gel-like network of polymer or discrete particles, in the presence of an acid or a base catalyst. Another modification of this process involves use of a cationic surfactant in the reaction mixture resulting in spherical particle of submicrometer size monodisperse particles [ 111 ]. Silica nanoparticles loaded with essential oils of chamomile, Artemisia annua , lemongrass and clove, peppermint, Pistacia atlantica were formulated by this method with particle sizes ranging from 20 nm to 500 nm.…”

“…The AEP showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities (MIC 90 ) on Escherichia coli (1.68 ± 0.72 µg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (1.62 ± 0.37 µg/mL), B. subtilis (1.42 ± 0.64 µg/mL), P. aeruginosa (1.46 ± 0.22 µg/mL), S. pyogenes (3.15 ± 0.16 µg/mL), S. pombe (2.01 ± 0.46 µg/mL), C. albicans (3.62 ± 0.65 µg/mL), C. tropicalis (4.29 ± 0.82 µg/mL), C. dubliniensis (3.63 ± 0.57 µg/mL) and C. krusei (3.79 ± 0.57 µg/mL), respectively, in comparison to AET. AEP demonstrated superior antibacterial efficacy at an average of twelve-fold less concentration in comparison to AEE [ 111 ]. Satary et al developed lemongrass and clove Eos that were encapsulated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LGO-MSNPs and CO-MSNPs) coated with alginate using the sol–gel method to combat Gaeumannomyces graminis , causative organism of wheat take all disease.…”