Antimicrobial Activity of Citronella Essential Oil on Antimicro bial Drug Resistant Bacteria from Veterinary Clinical Cases

Singh, Bhoj Raj; Agrawal, Ravikant; Prasannavadhana,; Bhardwaj, Monika; Dubey, Shashank Kumar

doi:10.4172/2471-2663.1000106

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Difference in sensitivity to TTO among strains of different origin observed in the present study further proved the same fact that origin of strains might be an important determinant for determining its sensitivity to TTO as reported earlier for other herbal drugs [21,[24][25][26][27][28][29]. Similar sensitivity pattern of bacteria of mithun origin for other antimicrobials as to TTO, i.e., more commonly sensitive to other antimicrobials than strains of other origin further suggested the similar mechanism of emergence of resistance to antibiotics and TTO or probably for other herbal drugs too [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) and Common Topical Antimicrobials against Bacteria Associated With Wound and Topical Infections

Singh¹,

Vadhana²,

Bhardwaj³

et al. 2016

Pharm Anal Acta

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Tea Tree Oil (TTO) is a popular herbal antimicrobial for topical application against many microbes. This study was conducted to determine a spectrum of antimicrobial activity of TTO against bacteria often associated with topical infections and wound infection in human and animals. A total of 550 strains of bacteria and one strain of Candida albicans were tested for their sensitivity to TTO and eight antibiotics including polymyxin B sulfate, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and novobiocin. Gentamicin was the most effective antibiotic followed by chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and polymyxin B inhibiting 87.1%, 84.8%, 76.8%, 75% and 72.8% strains, respectively. Tea tree oil (at 1 µL/ mL) could inhibit the growth of 20.5% strains. Except all strains of Streptobacillus, Sphingomonas, Cytophaga and Brahmnella, 71.4% Brucella, 60% Bordetella and 53.1% Aeromonas species (46.9%), only a few strains of other genera were sensitive to TTO. Only 20.5% strains were sensitive to TTO and multiple drug resistance (MDR) was positively correlated to their resistance to TTO, as 50%, 25%, 12%, 6% and 5% of the strains resistant to 0, 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8 antimicrobial drugs, respectively were sensitive to TTO. Sensitivity of bacteria to TTO was positively correlated (p, ≤0.05) with their sensitivity to novobiocin (r, 0.24), tetracycline (r, 0.22), gentamicin (r, 0.21), ciprofloxacin (r, 0.17), nitrofurantoin (r, 0.16), and chloramphenicol (r, 0.14) while correlation was insignificant (p, >0.05) with sensitivity to co-trimoxazole (r, 0.10) and polymyxin B (r, 0.12). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TTO varied from 0.001% to >0.512% (v/v) for different strains. The study revealed that TTO is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial active on 26 out of 44 genera of bacteria is a less promising antimicrobial than antibiotics on MDR strains. The study concluded that resistance to TTO, antibiotics and other antimicrobials in bacteria of clinical origin go hand in hand.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) and Common Topical Antimicrobials against Bacteria Associated With Wound and Topical Infections

Singh¹,

Vadhana²,

Bhardwaj³

et al. 2016

Pharm Anal Acta

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“…Though A. conyzoides is usually not consumed by animals but in scarcity, it may be. Similar views have also been expressed earlier for higher resistance in bacterial isolates from such kinds of animals for A. vulgaris, lemon grass and citronella oil [21,22,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In the present study, the most sensitive strains to ACME belonged to oxidase positive GPBs (62.5%) followed by oxidase negative GPBs (40.8%), oxidase positive GNBs (27.4%) and oxidase negative GNBs (4.9%). The role of oxidase production ability might be important in herbal drug resistance, similar observation have been made earlier with lemongrass oil [24], Artemesia vulgaris oil [25,26], geranium oil [21] and citronella oil [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In the study, though only 24.1% strains of microbes were sensitive to ACME this is much higher than several other potential herbs including citronella and geranium oils reported earlier [7,21,22] inhibiting only about 10% of the strains tested. However, Lalfakjuala et al [23] reported methanolic extract of A. conyzoides much inferior in antimicrobial activity against phosphate degrading bacteria than other weedy herbs including Eupatorium odoratum, Mikania micrantha and Centella asiatic.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract and Ether Extract of Ageratum conyzoides

Singh¹

2015

Pharm Anal Acta

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Ageratum conyzoides, a weed prevalent in India, is known for its several therapeutic uses to control infections. In the present study we compared the antimicrobial potential of its ether extract and methanolic extract with ciprofloxacin on 294 strains of Gram positive bacteria (GPBs), 575 strains of Gram negative bacteria (GNBs), 15 yeast and 5 mould strains of clinical and nonclinical origin belonging to 49 genera and more than 155 species using disc diffusion assay. The microbial strains in the study were isolated from samples of abiotic (41) and biotic (101) environment, foods (81), clinically sick (441), dead (108) and healthy (75) animals and human beings, and 42 were reference strains. The study revealed that there was no appreciable difference in antimicrobial activity of ether extract (ACEE) or methanolic extract (ACME) of A. conyzoides. A total of 214 (24.1%) strains were sensitive to ACME while of the 697 strains tested for ciprofloxacin 551 (79.1%) were sensitive. Sensitivity to ACME among 294 GPBs (44.9%) was significantly (p<0.0001) higher than among 575 strains of GNBs (12.4%). There was no significant difference among GPBs and GNBs for ciprofloxacin (one of the most commonly used antibiotics in India) sensitivity, but oxidase negative GNBs (385) as well as GPBs (238) were about two times more commonly sensitive to ciprofloxacin than 190 oxidase positive GNBs (p = 0.001) and 56 oxidase positive GPBs (p, 0.03), respectively. For ACME oxidase positive strains had 2.4 times more odds (p < 0.0001) in their favour of being sensitive to ACME (53.4%) than oxidase negative strains (18.6%). The most sensitive strains to ACME belonged to oxidase positive GPBs (62.5%) followed by oxidase negative GPBs (40.8%), oxidase positive GNBs (27.4%) and oxidase negative GNBs (4.9%). All Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Klebsiella, and Proteus species strains were resistant to ACME irrespective of source of isolation or association with illness. In contrast, majority of the strains of Burkholderia (76.9%), Bacillus (66.7%) and Brucella (53.8%) species were sensitive to ACME. The study revealed that A. conyzoides might be containing useful antimicrobial component(s) more active against oxidase positive potentially pathogenic strains often associated with systemic and deadly infections in animals as well as in humans.

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“…The study showed that the incorporation of both essential oils exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The inhibition activities were triggered by the presence of a major constituent in both essential oils that were identified as p-menthone and menthol and citronellal and citronellol for peppermint and citronella essential oils, respectively [55,56]. While, Martucci et al [57] observed the antimicrobial activity of oregano and lavender essential oils incorporated into gelatin film that were tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.…”

Section: Plant-derived Antimicrobial Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein-Based Active Film as Antimicrobial Food Packaging: A Review

Said¹,

Sarbon²

2019

Active Antimicrobial Food Packaging

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This review discusses the protein-based active film as antimicrobial food packaging derived from various sources such as gelatin, casein, whey and zein-based protein. The films properties that exhibit antimicrobial activity are being reviewed along with their application in food packaging industry. This paper also studies the inhibition activity by antimicrobial agents from organic and metallic sources which were incorporated into the protein-based film. Nowadays, protein-based film has emerged as one of the most extensively studied in food packaging sector as it exhibits good mechanical, optical, and oxygen barrier properties. In addition, protein-based film also showed good compatibility to polar surfaces while having effective control on the release of additives and bioactive compounds in food packaging system. This paper also detailed out information on antimicrobial food packaging in order to increase consumer awareness regarding food safety and healthy lifestyle while maintaining the quality and prolonged the shelf life of food product.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Citronella Essential Oil on Antimicro bial Drug Resistant Bacteria from Veterinary Clinical Cases

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) and Common Topical Antimicrobials against Bacteria Associated With Wound and Topical Infections

Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca Oil) and Common Topical Antimicrobials against Bacteria Associated With Wound and Topical Infections

Antimicrobial Activity of Methanolic Extract and Ether Extract of Ageratum conyzoides

Protein-Based Active Film as Antimicrobial Food Packaging: A Review

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