Antimicrobial Activity of Chamomile Essential Oil: Effect of Different Formulations

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) are highly lipophilic, which makes the measurement of their biological action difficult in an aqueous environment. We formulated a Pickering nanoemulsion of chamomile EO (CPe). Surface-modified Stöber silica nanoparticles (20 nm) were prepared and used as a stabilizing agent of CPe. The antimicrobial activity of CPe was compared with that of emulsion stabilized with Tween 80 (CT80) and ethanolic solution (CEt). The antimicrobial effects were assessed by their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) and minimum effective (MEC10) concentrations. Besides growth inhibition (CFU/mL), the metabolic activity and viability of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida species, in addition to the generation of oxygen free radical species (ROS), were studied. We followed the killing activity of CPe and analyzed the efficiency of the EO delivery for examined formulations by using unilamellar liposomes as a cellular model. CPe showed significantly higher antibacterial and antifungal activities than CT80 and CEt. Chamomile EOs generated superoxide anion and peroxide related oxidative stress which might be the major mode of action of Ch essential oil. We could also demonstrate that CPe was the most effective in donation of the active EO components when compared with CT80 and CEt. Our data suggest that CPe formulation is useful in the fight against microbial infections.

Antimicrobial Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Aaronsohnia factorovskyi Extract

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MAPLE Coatings Embedded with Essential Oil-Conjugated Magnetite for Anti-Biofilm Applications

“…By gathering the great outcome of nanotechnology and the therapeutic implications of plant-derived compounds, new pharmaceutical formulations were lately developed and thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, an impressive extension of the medicinal use of phytochemicals was reported, including unconventional antioxidants [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ] and antimicrobials [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ], wound dressings [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], dermal products [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] and anti-cancer platforms [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

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“…Bu nanoemulsiua olishda stabilizator tvin-80 va etanol ishlatilgan. Nanoemulsiya Candida turidagi mikroblarni oꞌsishini toxtatishi va antioksidantlik xususiyatga egaligi oꞌrganilgan [6][7]. Dorivor oꞌsimliklar asosida moyli ekstraktlar olish juda muhim texnologik jarayon hisoblanib, u soddaligi, oson amalga oshirish mumkinligi va samaradorligi bilan ajralib turadi.…”