Antimicrobial Activity of Biomolecules from Mushroom Fungi against Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler and Bisby, the Fruit Rot Pathogen of Chilli

Abstract

Mushroom fungi secrete antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral bioactive compounds of therapeutic and pharmacological value. Very limited work has been done on the exploration of antimicrobial principles from macrobasidiomycetes against plant pathogens. In this view, a study was proposed to screen eight mushroom fungi viz., Auricularia polytricha, Coprinus comatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Volvariella volvaceae, Lentinus edodes, Pycnoporus sanguineus, Schizophyllum commune, Trametes versicolor against spore germination and mycelial growth of Colletotrichum capsici , the fruit rot pathogen of Chilli and to extract antimicrobial molecules from the selected mushroom fungi using different solvents viz., Chloroform, Diethyl ether and Ethyl acetate. Results from dual culture technique revealed that Ganoderma lucidum, Auricularia polytricha and Lentinus edodes showed maximum antifungal activity by inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. capsici (54.81%, 53.70 % and 45.55% respectively) with maximum inhibition zone of (4.86 mm, 2.86 mm and 4.86 mm respectively). Though the Chloroform, Diethyl ether and Ethyl acetate fractions of G. lucidum cell free extracts inhibited spore germination of C. capsici both at 12 and 24 hours, maximum inhibition of spore germination was observed at 24 hours. Among the mushroom fungi, the chloroform extracted fractions followed by Diethyl ether and Ethyl acetate fractions of G. lucidum cell free culture filtrates exhibited maximum inhibition of spore germination of C. capsici (inhibition of 88 %, 79% and 78 % respectively) at 24 hours. Similarly, maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of C. capsici with 40 %, 34.07% and 29.25 % inhibition respectively was recorded in the chloroform extracted fractions followed by Diethyl ether and Ethyl acetate fractions of G. lucidum cell free culture filtrates when compared to solvent extracted fractions of L. edodes and A. polytricha by agar well diffusion technique. The chloroform extracted metabolite of G. lucidum followed by Ethyl acetate and Diethyl ether fractions at 2000 ppm concentration inhibited maximum mycelial growth of C. capsici (60.55 %, 58.88 % and 55.47 % respectively). It is well proven that chloroform extracted fractions of G. lucidum possess antimicrobial activities against the growth of C. capsici. Hence, further studies towards the identification of these compounds will pave for development of fungicides against C .capsici.

Benzothiazole—An Antifungal Compound Derived from Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum against Mango Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz and (Sacc.))

“…Mushrooms contain various natural compounds with bioactive potential, viz., antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-nemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-atherogenic, and anti-diabetic properties. Every species of mushrooms contains various bioactive molecules and pharmacological effects [ 11 ]. Hence, it was decided to investigate the antimicrobial compound from the fruiting body of G. lucidum, including both the cap and stipe portions separately against C. gloeosporioides .…”

“…Therefore, the antimicrobial compound from the cap portion of the fruiting body was characterized through GC-MS analysis. In this study, the Trace GC Ultra and DSQII model MS from Thermo Fisher Scientific Limited, Markha, Canada were engaged for analysis [ 9 , 16 ].…”

“…However, the authors reported that the ethyl acetate fraction of the fruiting body of ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolinthus tinctorius possessed antifungal activity against soil-borne plant pathogens [ 8 ]. Similarly, the antimicrobial activity of crude culture filtrate from L. edodes , G. lucidum , C. sinensis, and A. polytricha showed maximum inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of C. capsici by agar well diffusion assay [ 9 ]. Interestingly, in another study [ 10 ], the methanolic extract from fruiting bodies of Coprinus comatus inhibited the mycelial growth of Fusarium spp.…”

Actividad inhibitoria de extractos alcohólicos de hongos comestibles contra Rhizoctonia solani

“…Los autores concluyeron que los extractos de hongos comestibles son buenas fuentes de compuestos activos antifúngicos y sugieren la necesidad de seguir investigando el potencial de estos metabolitos en la industria agroforestal como control de agentes fitopatógenos. Otro estudio que explora el efecto de los metabolitos activos de hongos comestibles contra fitopatógenos es lo reportado por Priya et al (2019), quienes estudiaron ocho especies de hongos de los cuales Lentinus edodes u hongo shitake, Schizophyllum commune, Coprinus comatus y Volvariella volvaceae son comestibles, contra el crecimiento del hongo fitopatógeno Colletotrichum capsici.…”

Harnessing the Antimicrobial Prospects of Mushroom Fungi against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. Causing Post-Harvest Anthracnose Disease of Mango

“…Mushroom contain various natural compounds with bio active potentials as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, antinemic, antiinflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-antherogenic, antidiabetic properties ( Hatvani,2001;Wasser 2002;Lindequist et al, 2005;Quang et al, 2006). Research is focused towards exploitation of antimicrobial compounds from mushrooms against plant pathogens as is evidenced by the effect of culture filtrates of Lentinula edodes and Clitocybe nuda against Colletotrichum higginsianum (Chen and Huang, 2010), Ganoderma lucidum against Colletotrichum capsici (Priya and Thiribhuvanamala, 2019) and Coprinus comatus against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and F.oxysporum f.sp.cubense (Jeeva and Krishnamoorthy, 2018).…”