Antimicrobial Activity and Antibiofilm Potential of Coenzyme Q0 against Salmonella Typhimurium

Abstract

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects; however, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of CoQ0 against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are unknown. Thus, we investigated the bacteriostatic and antibiofilm activities, along with the underlying mechanism, of CoQ0 against S. Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CoQ0 against S. enterica serovars Typhimurium was 0.1–0.2 mg/mL (549–1098 µM), and CoQ0 at MIC and 2MIC decreased viable S. Typhimurium counts below detectable limits within 6 and 4 h, respectively. CoQ0 at 20MIC (4 mg/mL) reduced S. Typhimurium on raw chicken by 1.5 log CFU/cm3 within 6 h. CoQ0 effectively disrupted cell membrane integrity and induced morphological changes in the cell, resulting in hyperpolarization, decreased intracellular ATP concentrations, and cellular constituents leakage. Biofilm-associated S. Typhimurium cells were killed by CoQ0 treatment. These findings suggest that CoQ0 could be applied as a natural antibacterial substance for use against S. Typhimurium by the food industry.

Antimicrobial Activity and Action Mechanism of Thymoquinone against Bacillus cereus and Its Spores

“…In this research, the intracellular ATP concentrations of B. cereus decreased significantly ( p < 0.01) after exposure to TQ at MIC and 2 MIC for 30 min compared with the control ( Figure 5 ). Similarly, Yang et al [ 24 ] reported that coenzyme Q0 at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/mL could decrease the intracellular ATP concentrations of Salmonella typhimurium to 21.9% and 4.7% of the control level, respectively. In addition, Shi et al [ 41 ] found that lipoic acid could significantly reduce ( p < 0.01) the intracellular ATP concentration in Cronobacter sakazakii .…”

“…The intracellular ATP concentration was determined according to the method described by Yang et al [ 24 ], with slight modifications. After centrifugation, B. cereus ATCC 14579 was resuspended in PBS (approximately 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL).…”

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“…Biofilm not only acts as a barrier to create a stable internal environment of cells, but also mediates transmission of signals among cells and substrates, transmembrane transport and energy conversion and plays a key role in maintaining the physiological functions of bacterial cells (Han Q et al, 2021). Therefore, the capability of biofilm to inhibit the activities of antimicrobials has been widely investigated in recent years (Yang Z et al, 2021). The results of CV staining and bacterial adhesion assays conducted in this study showed that EMQ altered the adhesion capabilities of P. acnes and S. aureus, thereby preventing biofilm production.…”

The Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Oregano Essential Oil against Enterococcus faecalis and Its Application in Chicken Breast

“…In this study, OEO can effectively inhibit E. faecalis in raw chicken breast ( Figure 13 ). Yang et al [ 60 ] found that CoQ0 with 20 MIC concentration can reduce S. Typhimurium in the chicken breast by about 1.4 log CFU/mL within 9 h. Luo et al [ 61 ] studied the ability of OEO to inactivate Vibrio vulnificus at initial concentrations of 6.56 log CFU/g in fresh oysters and found that 0.09% ( v / v ) of OEO treatment could reduce the bacterial count to 3.39 log CFU/g at 10 h. However, when comparing the antibacterial effects of OEO in BHI broth and chicken breast surimi ( Figure 2 and Figure 13 ), it was shown that OEO in chicken breast surimi had a lesser antibacterial impact. We suspect that the possible reason is that the temperature of OEO treatment is different (BHI broth: 37 °C; chicken breast: 10 °C); the protein in chicken breast reduced the effective contact area between OEO and E. faecalis .…”