Antimicrobial Activities of Saponaria cypria Boiss. Root Extracts, and the Identification of Nine Saponins and Six Phenolic Compounds

Charalambous, Despina; Christoforou, Michalis; Kitiri, Elina N.; Andreou, Marios; Partassides, Dora; Papachrysostomou, Christoforos; Frantzi, Myriam; Karikas, George A.; Pantelidou, Maria

doi:10.3390/molecules27185812

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…The presence of phenolic compounds with antibacterial activity as identified in our study has also been determined in coffee and other plant species. The isolated compounds from the phenolic class were quinic acid, gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, 4-0-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, rutin, 1,3-di-O-caffeoyulquinic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, hyperoside, and others [31]. Phenolic compounds like 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol glucoside have been proven to express the highest bacteriostatic activity against Bacillus cereus, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, and E. coli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating Interactions of Pathogenic Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with Phytochemicals of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica

Zou,

Hassan,

Akram

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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This study focused on the assessment of the antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from bovine mastitis milk samples and the revealing anti-mastitis potential of phytocompounds of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica through molecular docking analysis. The mastitis milk samples were collected from various dairy farms for the isolation of the bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli) and their response to antibiotics. Ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared. Their antibacterial activity was evaluated, and they were processed for phytochemical analysis after which, molecular docking analysis with pathogenic proteins of the bacteria was carried out. Parametric and non-parametric statistical analyses were performed to reach the conclusions of this study. The findings of the study revealed a higher drug resistance (≥40%) of E. coli against ampicillin, amikacin, and vancomycin, while S. aureus exhibited the highest resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin. The ethanolic extracts of the Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica plants produced a ZOI between 18 and 23 mm against multidrug-resistant S. aureus and E. coli. Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry (GC–MS) was used to explore 15 phytocompounds from Ziziphus jujube and 18 phytocompounds from Acacia nilotica. The molecular docking analysis of 2cyclopenten−1-one,3,4,4 trimethyl and Bis (2ethylhexyl) phthalate of Ziziphus jujube showed a binding affinity of −4.8 kcal/mol and −5.3 kcal/mol and −5.9 kcal/mol and −7.1 kcal/mol against the DNA Gyrase and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 proteins of S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The suberic acid monomethyl ester of Acacia nilotica showed a binding affinity of −5.9 kcal/mol and −5 kcal/mol against the outer membrane protein A and Topoisomerase IV protein of E. coli and −5.1 kcal/mol and −5.8 kcal/mol against the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and Enterotoxin B proteins of S. aureus. Similarly, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol di-iso-butyrate showed a binding affinity of −6.5 kcal/mol and −5.3 kcal/mol against the outer membrane protein A and Topoisomerase IV of E. coli and −5.2 kcal/mol and −5.9 kcal/mol against the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 and Enterotoxin B proteins of S. aureus, respectively. The study concluded that there was an increasing trend for the antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus and E. coli, while the Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica plant extracts expressed significant affinity to tackle this resistance; hence, this calls for the development of novel evidence-based therapeutics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validating Interactions of Pathogenic Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with Phytochemicals of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica

Zou,

Hassan,

Akram

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Nutritional Value, Major Chemical Compounds, and Biological Activities of Petromarula pinnata (Campanulaceae)—A Unique Nutraceutical Wild Edible Green of Crete (Greece)

Dimitriadis,

Karavergou,

Tsiftsoglou

et al. 2024

Horticulturae

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The Mediterranean diet is mostly based on high intakes of olive oil, vegetables, legumes, and fruits, with limited amounts of red meat and sweets, and is related to lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, mainly due to the health benefits of antioxidants of wild greens, fruits, and vegetables. Petromarula pinnata (L.) A. DC. is a unique (monotypic) and threatened local endemic wild edible green of Crete which is consumed raw in salads or cooked as an ingredient of the Mediterranean (Cretan) diet. In this study, we aimed to examine the nutritional value of P. pinnata with reference to wild-growing material; moreover, we investigated its chemical composition with 1H NMR spectra and its in vitro total phenolics and flavonoids (TPC, TF assays), and we evaluated the antioxidant (TAC, DPPH, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation), antimicrobial (MIC), and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase) in vitro activity during two different developmental stages (winter and summer collections), all referring to ex situ cultivated material (air-dried or frozen in liquid nitrogen). Our results showed that P. pinnata has good nutritional value, being rich in terpenoids and poor in phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Furthermore, the extracts showed high antioxidant activity for TAC and DPPH and some of the extracts had higher antioxidant activities than the standard compounds. The summer plant materials had higher antioxidant activity than the winter ones. The methanol/water extracts were the strongest inhibitors of the lipid peroxidation, and the methanol extracts were not found to be active. None of the extracts inhibited the soybean lipoxygenase, and thus they were devoid of anti-inflammatory activity. Finally, the extracts showed a moderate to strong bacterial inhibition. These findings consolidate that P. pinnata has a novel nutraceutical interest with high nutritional value and high antioxidant activity combined with bactericidal effect, thus updating the evaluation of its exploitation potential in the medicinal sector from below average (37%) to high (67%).

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Saponin and Phenolic Composition and Assessment of Biological Activities of Saponaria officinalis L. Root Extracts

Charalambous,

Christoforou,

Christou

et al. 2024

Plants

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The purpose of this study was to identify the saponin and phenolic components in root extracts of Saponaria officinalis, a widespread species, found in Cyprus. A total of six major saponins, including gypsogenin and gypsogenic acid derivatives, as well as saponariosides C, D, and E, were identified using UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis, with gypsogenin derivatives being the most common saponins detected through quantitative analysis. A total of six phenolic compounds were also identified, including rutin, quercetin galactoside, syringic acid, apigenin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acid. In addition to their saponin and phenolic contents, the root extracts were prepared through different extraction methods, and their biological activity was assessed. All samples demonstrated antioxidant capacity, as well as antibacterial activity, against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella enteritidis), with the acetone extract presenting higher susceptibility. The evaluation of anticancer activity in A375 (human malignant melanoma), HeLa (human cervical epithelioid carcinoma), and HaCaT (healthy human keratinocytes) cell lines revealed that the acetone extract of S. officinalis extract demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A375 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. None of the extracts demonstrated anti-neurotoxic potential against Aβ25–35 cytotoxic peptides. The results of this study support previous findings that reveal that the Saponaria species are an excellent natural source of biologically active compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties.

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Antimicrobial Activities of Saponaria cypria Boiss. Root Extracts, and the Identification of Nine Saponins and Six Phenolic Compounds

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Validating Interactions of Pathogenic Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with Phytochemicals of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica

Validating Interactions of Pathogenic Proteins of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli with Phytochemicals of Ziziphus jujube and Acacia nilotica

Nutritional Value, Major Chemical Compounds, and Biological Activities of Petromarula pinnata (Campanulaceae)—A Unique Nutraceutical Wild Edible Green of Crete (Greece)

Saponin and Phenolic Composition and Assessment of Biological Activities of Saponaria officinalis L. Root Extracts

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