Antimalarial Ethnobotany:<i>In Vitro</i>. Antiplasmodial Activity of Seven Plants Identified in the Nigerian Middle Belt

Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Ashidi, J. S.; Abiodun, Olufunmilola Adunni; Okpako, Larry; Ogbole, Omonike O.; Akinboye, Dora; Falade, Catherine O.; Bolaji, O M; Gbotosho, Grace O.; Falade, Mofolusho O.; Itiola, O. A.; Houghton, Peter J.; Wright, C. W.; Oduola, A. M. J.

doi:10.1080/13880200490902455

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Nauclea latifolia (NL) leaves were cited at 50% frequently by traditional healers as possessing antiplasmodial activity (Igwe et al, 2012). Nauclea latifolia SM (Rubiaceae) extract exhibited the least activity in the assay with an IC 50 value of 478.9 mg/ml compared to Chloroquine (Ajaiyeoba et al, 2004), and has been reported to inhibit the erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum (Akubue and Mittal, 1982).…”

Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nauclea latifolia Ethanolic Leaves Extract Moderately Hepatoprotects, but Decreases Periodic Acid-Schiff and Up-regulates Cytokeratin-7 Expression in Prophylaxis Malaria

Edagha¹,

Ndem²

2017

ijSciences

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Some herbal antiplasmodial plants have not been investigated for their hepatotoxic and glycogen lowering effects in experimental malaria models. We investigated the histochemical and immunohistochemical effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Nauclea latifolia (NL) an antiplasmodial plant on the liver of experimental prophylactic malaria mice. Twenty (20) mice (20-24 g) were grouped after acclimatization as follows: group A administered normal saline for 3 days, then inoculated with Plasmodium berghei (Pb); group B received 500 mg per kg body weight extract for 3 days then infected with Pb; group C received 1000 mg per weight extract for 3 days then infected with Pb; group D received 5 mg per kg body weight Artemether/lumefantrine (AL) for 3 days then infected with Pb. Extracts and drug were administered orally via oro-gavage needle. Inoculums of Pb at 1x10 6 were injected intraperitoneally and were subsequently monitored for 72 hrs, then fasted over night, and humanely sacrificed with liver tissues excised and processed for light microscopy. Result of routine hematoxylin and eosin stain in Figure 1 revealed that group A had the most heptocellular distortions and inflammation with prominent hyperplasia compared to extract and drug treated groups (groups B -D); in figure 2 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) showed that group A had moderate PAS expression of glycogen stores; extract groups had depleted glycogen stores compared to group D -the AL group had more glycogen stores. In figure 3 the cytokeratin-7 showed that groups A -C had moderate positivity, while group D was mild/lower. In conclusion NL ethanolic leaf extract is moderately hepatoprotective in a dose dependent manner, but decreased periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) expression of glycogen granules and moderately up-regulated cytokeratin-7 in experimental prophylaxis malaria mice.

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Section: Background Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nauclea latifolia Ethanolic Leaves Extract Moderately Hepatoprotects, but Decreases Periodic Acid-Schiff and Up-regulates Cytokeratin-7 Expression in Prophylaxis Malaria

Edagha¹,

Ndem²

2017

ijSciences

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated antibacterial [8,9], antimalarial [10] and antidiarrhoeic activity [11] for B. micrantha. Additionally, B. micrantha has been reported to inhibit -lactamase activity [12], RNA-dependent-DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H activities of human immunodeficiency type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity Testing of Two Medicinal Plants, Bridelia micrantha and Antidesma venosum

Steenkamp¹,

Mokoele²,

Rensburg³

2009

TOTOXIJ

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Abstract:A. venosum and B. micrantha are widely used ethnomedically and B. micrantha has furthermore indicated the potential to be developed into a drug due to the various biological activities previously reported. However, the safety of a plant must be determined before drug development. Cytotoxicity was determined using human adenocarcinoma cells of the cervix (HeLa), human breast cells (MCF-12A), lymphocytes (both resting and stimulated) as well as primary porcine hepatocytes. Acute systemic toxicity was determined using the luminescent bacteria, Vibrio fischerii and the vertebrate, Poecilia reticulata (guppy). Toxicity was found to be concentration dependent when HeLa and MCF-12A cells were exposed to the plant extracts. The IC 50 was not reached at the concentrations tested (0.1 μg/ml -1 mg/ml) for the hepatocytes as well as the resting and stimulated lymphocytes, indicative that both plant extracts showed little or no direct cytotoxicity against primary cultures. Both extracts resulted in 100% mortality of the guppies. This study illustrated that extracts of both B. micrantha and A. venosum are cytotoxic and possess acute systemic toxicity.

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“…Some ethnic tribes in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, drink the leaf decoction of Nauclea latifolia (NL) for the prevention and cure of malaria (Udobre et al, 2013). N. latifolia have been reported to possess antiplasmodial activity (Ajaiyeoba et al, 2004;Asase et al, 2005;Adzu et al, 2013). Still little research data exist on the neurotoxicity of these antimalarial bio-chemicals in vivo studies especially their prophylactic impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurohistological and immunohistochemical effects of prophylactic ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia and Artemether/Lumefantrine on the hippocampus of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

Edagha¹,

Atting²,

Ekanemesang³

2018

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

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The prophylactic effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia, widely used in herbal malarial treatment, was compared against standard drug Coartem® (Artemether/Lumefantrine) in Plasmodiuminfected mice was investigated, and thereafter analysed for organosomatic index, parasitemia, histomorphological and immunohistochemical changes in the hippocampus. Twenty male mice about 6 to 8 weeks weighing 20 to 24 g were alloted into four groups of five mice each. Group 1 served as control received placebo; group 2 received extract 500 mg/kg; group 3 received extract 1000 mg/kg; and group 4 received 5 mg/kg of Artemether/Lumefantrine. Extract and drug administrations were performed for 3 days, and thereafter mice were infected with 10 6 of Plasmodium berghei parasites, and monitored for 4 days, after which the experiment was terminated. Thick blood smear were prepared from lateral tail vein, then under anesthesia via a cocktail of xylaxine and ketamine, intracardiac perfusion was performed first with phosphate buffered saline to clear systemic blood, and then 4% paraformaldehyde to fixed brain for routine histology and immunohistochemistry. Result indicates organosomatic index was not statistically significant, parasitemia in the treated groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared to control and were corroborated in the photomicrographs of respective blood morphology, however, histologically there was moderate to severe distortion of the hippocampus across the groups, but glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, a marker for neurotoxicity indicated that group 4 had the most immunolabelling intensity compared to other test groups. In conclusion, the prophylactic ethanolic extract of N. latifolia and Artemether/Lumefantrine cleared parasitemia also seen in the blood morphology, and low dose N. latifolia plausibly has better safety and hippocampal toxicity profile with decreased neuronal shrinkage and distortions, with a more down regulated glial fibrillary acid protein than higher extract doses and Artemether/lumefantrine.

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Antimalarial Ethnobotany:In Vitro. Antiplasmodial Activity of Seven Plants Identified in the Nigerian Middle Belt

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Nauclea latifolia Ethanolic Leaves Extract Moderately Hepatoprotects, but Decreases Periodic Acid-Schiff and Up-regulates Cytokeratin-7 Expression in Prophylaxis Malaria

Nauclea latifolia Ethanolic Leaves Extract Moderately Hepatoprotects, but Decreases Periodic Acid-Schiff and Up-regulates Cytokeratin-7 Expression in Prophylaxis Malaria

Toxicity Testing of Two Medicinal Plants, Bridelia micrantha and Antidesma venosum

Neurohistological and immunohistochemical effects of prophylactic ethanolic leaf extract of Nauclea latifolia and Artemether/Lumefantrine on the hippocampus of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

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