Antimalarial and analgesic activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Panicum maximum

Okokon, Jude E.; Nwafor, Paul A.; Andrew, Ukeme E

doi:10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60122-3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Okokon et al [10] has reported that P. maximum root extract contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides among others which might have contributed to the observed anti-inflammatory activity in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The Ibibios of Akwa Ibom State, South South Nigeria use the leaves ethnomedically to treat several diseases including malaria, microbial infections, rheumatism pain, inflammation and diabetes. Antidiabetic [2], antimalarial and analgesic [3], antibacterial [4,5,6], anti-inflammatory and antipyretic [7], antifungal [8], anticancer, antioxidative burst and antileishmanial [9] activities of the leaf extract have been reported. Also, Panicum maximum root extract has earlier been reported to have analgesic and antimalarial properties [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antidiabetic [2], antimalarial and analgesic [3], antibacterial [4,5,6], anti-inflammatory and antipyretic [7], antifungal [8], anticancer, antioxidative burst and antileishmanial [9] activities of the leaf extract have been reported. Also, Panicum maximum root extract has earlier been reported to have analgesic and antimalarial properties [10]. LD 50 value of 2738.1 mg/kg and antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LD 50 value of 2738.1 mg/kg and antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities [11]. Phytochemical components such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannins, terpenes, saponin, and cardiac glycosides [10] have also been found. In this study, we investigated the antiinflammatory effect of ethanol root extract of P. maximum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Root Extract of Panicum maximum

Udobang

Okokon

Obot

et al. 2020

AJOB

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Background: Panicum maximum root is used routinely to treat ailments such as malaria, fever, pains and inflammatory diseases by traditional medicine practitioners. Aim: The study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of P. maximum root so as to validate its uses by practitioners of traditional medicine. Methodology: The root of P. maximum (dried powdered material) was extracted in ethanol using cold maceration technique. The root crude extract (137 –547 mg/kg) of P. maximum was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using various experimental models; carrageenan, egg albumin and xylene - induced edema models. Results: The root extract of P. maximum caused significant (p<0.05 – 0.001) reduction of inflammation induced by the phlogistic agents in a dose-dependent fashion. The recorded anti-inflammatory effects were comparable to those initiated by 100 mg/kg acetyl salicylic acid (ASA, standard drug) used in some of the models here. The anti-inflammatory effect of this plant may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the plant. Conclusion: The findings from this research confirm the ethnomedical use of Panicum maximum root in treating inflammatory conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanol Root Extract of Panicum maximum

Udobang

Okokon

Obot

et al. 2020

AJOB

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“…The Swiss mice were used in the induction, maintenance and preservation of the malaria parasite model (Plasmodium berghei) , which cannot be maintained in the Wistar rats used for the vascular tissue studies 28-31…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental malaria : the in vitro and in vivo blood pressure paradox

Nwokocha¹,

Mi²,

Owu³

et al. 2012

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa

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ObjectiveMalaria causes more deaths worldwide than any other parasitic disease. Many aspects of the biology that governs the pathogenesis of this parasite are still unclear. Therefore insight into the complexity of the pathogenesis of malaria is vital to understand the disease, particularly as it relates to blood pressure.MethodsIn vivo and in vitro experimental models were used for this study. In the in vivo study, mean arterial pressure, pulse rates and heart rates were recorded by cannulation of the carotid artery of rats. In the in vitro study, ring preparations of blood vessels from the rat aorta were studied using standard organ bath techniques. Dose–response curves for phenylepherine (PE)- and acetylcholine (Ach)-induced relaxation were constructed for rings pre-contracted with PE.ResultsOur results showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the mean arterial pressure and pulse rates, while the heart rates remained unaltered in rats with malaria parasites, compared with the controls. Incubation of rat aortic rings with parasitised blood resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine in the rat aortic rings but there was no effect on the baseline. The dose–response curve showed a significant (p < 0.05) leftward shift following the addition of parasitised blood and the EC70 (M) values increased from 7 × 10-7 to 5 × 10-6 M. Following exposure to parasitised blood, the magnitude of Ach-induced relaxation responses reduced significantly (p < 0.05) from 73 ± 3.6 to 24.75 ± 7.25% in the rat aortic rings.ConclusionsThe results suggest that malaria parasitaemia caused in vivo reduction in blood pressure, and enhanced the responses to contractile agents and reduced relaxation responses to acetylcholine in vitro. This appears to be a paradox but is explainable by the complex cardiovascular control mechanisms in vivo. This may be independent of direct action on vascular smooth muscle.

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