Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils of Medicinal Plant Achillea santolina L.

Abstract

Achillea santolina is medicinal plant widely used in folk medicine for gastrointestinal disorders, anti-inflammatory and anti-diuretic. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that about 350 million people are considered to be at risk of contracting leishmaniasis especially among people living in the developing countries. This research will be the first time that evaluate antileishmanial activity of essential oils of A. santolina before and after flowering. Wild plants of Achillea santolina were collected from the Kalamoon Mountains in Syria before and after flowering. Essential oil of wild plants was identified by GC/MS analysis. The activity of essential oil was evaluated against five bacterial strains by well diffusion method and Promastigote lysis percentage was determined by an MTT assay. Chemical composition of essential oils of A. santolina was variable. According to our results the samples from Assal Al-ward and Deir Atiyah after flowering gave light yellow oils and the main constituents were Borneol 17.34% and Camphor 27.69% respectively. While the sample before flowering from Assal Al-ward gave blue oil due to presence Azulene 0.69% which absence in oils after flowering and the main component was 2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 1methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) 13.05%. The essential oil of A. santolina at concentration 30% after flowering from Deir Atyiah showed the highest inhibitory effect on Klebsiella pneumonia with diameter 21 mm. Also essential oil of A. santolina before flowering gave the highest antileishmanial activity with an IC 50 value (56.17 µg/mL). The antileishmanial activity of oils from Achillea santolina before flowering was better than after flowering, in contrast the antibacterial activity of oils before flowering was less than after flowering. Depending on the results, the oils from plants before flowering It could be constitute a potential treatment in the future.

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of a Plant-Based Substance for the Treatment of Seborrheic Dermatitis

“…Moreover, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol, as a new derivative in the substance, was previously detected in the chemical composition of Achillea santolina L. essential oil and demonstrated effectiveness against microorganisms and leishmania [ 56 ]. The compound trans-ascaridol, which was also identified amongst the main constituents of the Indian Chenopodium ambrosioides and Chenopodium botrys , has been found to have antifungal activity [ 57 ].…”

Effect of Using Boswellia Sacra Extract as Final Irrigant on Removal of Smear Layer

“…Some of the major ingredients of all the compounds identified and the most redundant were 3-cyclohexen-1-ol (21.33%), octanoic acid (18.91%), menthol (10.81%), thymol (6.14%), and carvacrol (17) . Menthol is commonly used in dental care products as a topical antibacterial agent and was reported to be effective against various types of streptococci and lactobacilli (26) .Cyclohexen-1-olwhich is derivative of limonene reported to be effective antimicrobial agent (27) . Thymol is phenol derivative has strong antiseptic properties and demonstrates invitro antibacterial effect against the tested strains of P. aeruginosa, E. coli ,B. cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus (28) .…”

Comparative Study of Nano‐liposome and Nano‐niosome for Delivery ofAchillea MillefoliumEssential Oils: Development, Optimization, Characterization and Their Cytotoxicity Effects on Cancer Cell Lines and Antibacterial Activity

“…The most important compounds of this plant are polyphenol, flavonoid, lactone, betaine, acetylene, resin, and tannin [3] . Studies have shown the cytotoxic effect of essential oil of A. millefolium , A. clavennae , and A. alexandri‐regis against different malignant tumor cell lines [4–7] . The phytocompounds of Achillea genus may explain the anticancer activities of Achillea [8] .…”