Antiinflammatory Activity of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) Bark Essential Oil in a Human Skin Disease Model

Abstract

The effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark essential oil (CBEO) on human skin cells has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the activity of a commercially available CBEO in a validated human dermal fibroblast system, a model of chronic inflammation and fibrosis. We first evaluated the impact of CBEO on 17 protein biomarkers that play critical roles in inflammation and tissue remodeling. The impact of CBEO on genome‐wide gene expression was also evaluated. CBEO showed strong anti‐proliferative effects on skin cells and significantly inhibited the production of several inflammatory biomarkers, including vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, interferon gamma‐induced protein 10, interferon‐inducible T‐cell alpha chemoattractant, and monokine induced by gamma interferon. In addition, CBEO significantly inhibited the production of several tissue remodeling molecules, including epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase‐1, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1. Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, which is an immunomodulatory protein molecule, was also significantly inhibited by CBEO. Furthermore, CBEO significantly modulated global gene expression and altered signaling pathways, many of which are important in inflammation, tissue remodeling, and cancer biology. The study shows that CBEO is a promising antiinflammatory agent; however, further research is required to clarify its clinical efficacy. © 2017 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Identification of essential oils with strong activity against stationary phase uropathogenic Escherichia coli

“…Additionally, we found Cinnamon bark, Syzygium aromaticum, Allspice and Bandit "Thieves" showed excellent activity against stationary phase E. coli . Cinnamon bark has a long history in western medicine to soothe aching joint and numb pain and its bioactivity against bacteria, fungus, inflammation, cancer and diabetes has been described [25]. Here, we showed that Cinnamon bark oil had a low MIC (0.03%) and remarkable anti-persister activity.…”

“…Clove bud is a natural product with great potential use in food preservation [30]. Along with Cinnamon bark, Cinnamon leaf and Clove bud showed strong antibacterial activity presumably due to the major component eugenol [25, 29, 30]. Some studies demonstrated that eugenol could denature cellular proteins and change cell membrane permeability when interacting with growing bacteria [30], which could indicate it has similar effect against stationary phase bacteria.…”

Medicinal plants in traumatic brain injury: Neuroprotective mechanisms revisited

“…C. zeylanicum is used as part of Ayurvedic medicine as a remedy for a variety of digestive, respiratory, and gynecological symptoms . Various pharmacological effects of cinnamon have been reported including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. When administered orally in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice, cinnamon powder suppressed the expression of iNOS and IL‐1β in vivo in the spinal cord and cerebellum, suggesting anti‐inflammatory effects .…”

Antimicrobial effects of cinnamon essential oil and cinnamaldehyde combined with EDTA against canine otitis externa pathogens

“…Cinnamaldehyde, the most abundant components of the cinnamon essential oil, either used alone or in combination exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activities (Utchariyakiat et al 2016;Friedman 2017;Firmino et al 2018;Garcia-Salinas et al 2018). The anti-inflammatory properties and wound healing application of cinnamon oil for soothing the pain resulted from microbial infection and inflammation have been identified (Han and Parker 2017). Additionally, cinnamon oil has been reported to be safe for treating oral candidiasis (Oliveira et al 2014) and Helicobacter pylori-causing gastritis in humans (Nir et al 2000).…”