Antihypertensive treatment, adiponectin and cardiovascular risk

Karthikeyan, Vellore J; Lip, Gregory Y.H.

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002113

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…18 Some studies have reported hypoadiponectinemia in subjects with high-normal BP, 19 whereas others have found that only hypertensive patients with insulin resistance 20 or renal dysfunction 21 had lower adiponectin levels. In studies measuring carotid IMT, 22,23 no significant association was detected between adiponectin levels and IMT when accounting for other relevant risk factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Confirmed Prehypertensive Subjects

Femia¹,

Kozàkovà²,

Nannipieri³

et al. 2007

ATVB

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Objective-The purpose of this study was to test whether carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is already increased in normotensive subjects who progress to hypertension (confirmed prehypertensives) independently of known determinants of vessel wall thickness. Methods and Results-Common carotid artery (CCA) far-wall IMT was measured (B-mode ultrasound) in 1536 subjects from the population-based Mexico City Diabetes Study at baseline and 3.5 years later. Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ carotid arteries Ⅲ diabetes mellitus Ⅲ high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography I ntima-media thickness (IMT) of extracranial carotid arteries, as measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography, marks advanced vascular disease in the peripheral and coronary circulation, 1 predicts cardiovascular (CVD) events 2,3 and response to therapy. 4 Several cross-sectional studies have demonstrated the association between carotid IMT and traditional CVD risk factors. 5 Hypertension is a major CVD risk factor that directly contributes to CVD, and carotid IMT is increased in hypertensive patients as compared with normotensive subjects. 6 -8 High blood pressure (BP) plays a direct pathogenic role in the initiation and progression of carotid wall hypertrophy as hemodynamic factors-such as local distending pressure, pulsatile load, and shear stress 9 -12 -can induce intrinsic alterations of the arterial wall resulting in intimal/medial thickening. Previous studies have demonstrated that carotid IMT is increased already in subjects with borderline hypertension. 13,14 This group of subjects is also characterized by concomitant metabolic abnormalities, such as obesityespecially visceral fat accumulation 15 -type 2 diabetes (DM2) or impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia, which enhance CVD risk. Whether carotid IMT is increased also in normotensive subjects that will develop hypertension (ie, confirmed prehypertensives) has not been determined. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to test whether carotid IMT is increased in confirmed prehypertensives independently of known determinants of vessel wall thickness.Low circulating levels of adiponectin, an adipose tissuespecific collagen-like factor, have been reported in association with obesity, 16 DM2, 17 coronary artery disease, and hypertension. 18 Some studies have reported hypoadiponectinemia in subjects with high-normal BP, 19 whereas others have found that only hypertensive patients with insulin resistance 20 or renal dysfunction 21 had lower adiponectin levels. In studies measuring carotid IMT, 22,23 no significant association was detected between adiponectin levels and IMT when accounting for other relevant risk factors. Perhaps more Original

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Confirmed Prehypertensive Subjects

Femia¹,

Kozàkovà²,

Nannipieri³

et al. 2007

ATVB

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“…Reduced adiponectin levels are predictive of CAD and MI [79]. Animal studies have shown that increased adiponectin levels are protective against atherosclerosis, while clinical studies with antihypertensive drugs, including ARBs, ACEIs, and CCBs, have associated improvements in BP and insulin resistance with increased adiponectin levels [78,80]. In obese subjects, serum adiponectin levels were inversely associated with intima-media thickness, a surrogate measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, and positively associated with arterial compliance [79].…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In obese subjects, serum adiponectin levels were inversely associated with intima-media thickness, a surrogate measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, and positively associated with arterial compliance [79]. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of adiponectin is uncertain; one hypothesis suggests that adiponectin increases nitric oxide activity, thereby inhibiting platelet activation, while another hypothesis suggests it suppresses monocyte activation [78].…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Antihypertensive Agents in Metabolic Syndrome – Benefits Beyond Blood Pressure Control

Merchant¹,

Khan²

2012

Insulin Resistance

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“…Adiponectin is one of the adipocyte-derived hormones that has profound anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties, which is also thought to play an important role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism [Montecucco and Mach, 2009;Packard and Libby, 2008]. Reduced adiponectin levels have been noted in men, people with obesity, and patients with hypertension, CAD, or T2DM [Karthikeyan and Lip, 2007]; they have been shown to be predictive of CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) [Shargorodsky et al 2009]. Animal studies have shown that increased adiponectin levels are protective against atherosclerosis, while clinical studies with antihypertensive drugs, including ARBs, ACE inhibitors, and CCBs, have associated improvements in BP and insulin resistance with increased adiponectin levels [Karthikeyan and Lip, 2007;Makita et al 2007].…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduced adiponectin levels have been noted in men, people with obesity, and patients with hypertension, CAD, or T2DM [Karthikeyan and Lip, 2007]; they have been shown to be predictive of CAD and myocardial infarction (MI) [Shargorodsky et al 2009]. Animal studies have shown that increased adiponectin levels are protective against atherosclerosis, while clinical studies with antihypertensive drugs, including ARBs, ACE inhibitors, and CCBs, have associated improvements in BP and insulin resistance with increased adiponectin levels [Karthikeyan and Lip, 2007;Makita et al 2007]. In people with obesity, serum adiponectin levels were inversely associated with intima-media thickness, a surrogate measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, and positively associated with arterial compliance [Shargorodsky et al 2009].…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of amlodipine besylate, losartan potassium, olmesartan medoxomil, and other antihypertensives on central aortic blood pressure and biomarkers of vascular function

Khan

2011

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease

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Biomarkers are being increasingly used in the study of cardiovascular disease because they provide readily quantifiable surrogate endpoints and allow accurate assessment of the effects of therapy on particular pathological processes. However, in order to be useful, biomarkers must be relevant, predictable, accurate, and reproducible. There is compelling evidence from large-scale clinical trials that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system [angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin type II receptor blockers (ARBs)] and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may have beneficial effects beyond blood pressure control in the treatment of hypertension. Biomarkers are expected to provide further insight into these beneficial effects and allow for quantitative assessment. This review summarizes the published clinical evidence on the effects of various antihypertensive drugs, particularly ARBs (e.g. losartan and olmesartan medoxomil) and CCBs (e.g. amlodipine), alone and in combination with other agents (e.g. hydrochlorothiazide), on central aortic pressure and the biomarkers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), adiponectin, cystatin C, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), procollagen, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6. Of these biomarkers, the benefits of antihypertensive therapy on hsCRP, adiponectin, and HOMA-IR reflect a potential for quantifiable long-term vascular benefits.

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Antihypertensive treatment, adiponectin and cardiovascular risk

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Confirmed Prehypertensive Subjects

Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Confirmed Prehypertensive Subjects

The Effects of Antihypertensive Agents in Metabolic Syndrome – Benefits Beyond Blood Pressure Control

The effect of amlodipine besylate, losartan potassium, olmesartan medoxomil, and other antihypertensives on central aortic blood pressure and biomarkers of vascular function

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