Antihypertensive Effect of .GAMMA.-Aminobutyric Acid-Enriched Agaricus blazei on Mild Hypertensive Human Subjects

Watanabe, Toshiro; Kawashita, Ayako; Ishi, Satoshi; Mazumder, Tapan Kumar; Nagai, Shiro; Tsuji, Kiichiro; Dan, Takeo

doi:10.3136/nskkk.50.167

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…O crescimento do micélio é inibido com pH de 3,0 ou inferior, 8,0 ou superior, ou quando CaCO 3 é utilizado para ajuste do pH para 7,0 ou superior. , also denoted Agaricus subrufescens (KERRIGAN, 2005), has been studied because of its therapeutic (MIZUNO, 2002;WATANABE et al, 2003;SOUZA-PACCOLA et al, 2004;KIMURA at al, 2004;KIM et al, 2005;SILVA et al, 2005;MANTOVANI et al, 2006) and sensory (STIJVE et al, 2002;ESCOUTO et al, 2005) properties. However, few studies describe specific techniques and parameters for A. brasiliensis cultivation, which is generally produced empirically or based on Agaricus bisporus cultivation in Brazil (BRAGA et al, 1998;BRAGA, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condições de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial de Agaricus brasiliensis em cultivo axênico

et al. 2008

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Few studies have been done to determine Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei; A. subrufescens) basic mycelial growth characteristics on axenic cultivation. This study aimed to determine the optimal temperature and initial pH for mycelial growth of A. brasiliensis on malt extract agar medium to develop axenic cultivation techniques. Studied initial pH values for mycelial growth were adjusted to 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 5.5, with HCl, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, with NaOH, and again 7.0 and 8.0, with CaCO 3 . Studied temperatures for mycelial growth were 22 ºC, 25 ºC, 28 ºC, 31 ºC and 34 ºC. It was concluded that A. brasiliensis can grow in axenic cultivation at temperature range from 22 o C to 34 ºC, with optimal temperature range from 28 o C to 31 ºC and optimal temperature value of 30.5 ºC ± 0.3 ºC. It also grows in initial pH range from 4.0 to 7.0, adjusted with HCl or NaOH but not CaCO 3 , with optimal initial pH range from 5.5 to 6.0 and optimal initial pH value of 5.56 ± 0.05. Mycelial growth is inhibited with pH of 3.0 or lower, 8.0 or higher, or when CaCO 3 is used to adjust pH in the substratum to 7.0 or higher. Key words: Growth conditions, growth inhibition, Agaricus brasiliensis, Agaricus blazei ResumoPoucos estudos foram desenvolvidos para determinar as condições básicas de crescimento micelial do fungo Agaricus brasiliensis Wasser et al. (A. blazei, A. subrufescens). O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a faixa ótima de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial, em agar-extrato-de-malte, de A. brasiliensis, visando o desenvolvimento de técnicas de cultivo axênica. Os valores de pH estudados foram 3,0, 4,0, 5,0 e 5,5, ajustados com HCl, 6,0, 7,0 e 8,0, ajustados com NaOH, e 7,0 e 8,0, ajustados com

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condições de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial de Agaricus brasiliensis em cultivo axênico

et al. 2008

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Kidney Function Indices in Mice after Long Intake of Agaricus brasiliensis Mycelia (=Agaricus blazei, Agaricus subrufescens) Produced by Solid State Cultivation

Rubel¹

2009

OnLine J. of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Agaricus brasiliensis (=Agaricus blazei, Agaricus subrufescens) or Sun mushroom has widespread use for potential health benefits such anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. Studies detected that others edible mushrooms affected renal metabolism and despite the widespread use of A. brasiliensis there are no studies that address biological effects on the renal function indices after their oral administration. Therefore, this study had as objective to verify the effects on kidney function indices after long intake of A. brasiliensis mycelium. Approach: Wheat grains was cultured during 18 days with Agaricus brasiliensis mycelium by solid state culture and used for chown formulation. Groups of female Swiss mice (20 per group) were fed during 14 weeks with 100 and 50% of the formulated feed denominated A100 and A50, respectively. Control group received formulated chown with wheat grains without mycelium. The water intake and excreted urine volume; the physic chemistry analysis of the urine and the serum levels of glucose, proteins, urea, creatinin and uric acid was determined (Meditron Junior-Boehringer, reagent strips Combur 10; microscopy and ADVIA 1650 Bayer). Results: A100 and A50 groups ingested 19.1 and 15.8% more water compared to C group, respectively. The urine and serum analysis showed that the verified parameters remained invariables for all groups, including glucose levels, which resulted in a 10% reduction of A100 group, without statistical difference (p>0.05 Vs C). Conclusion/Recommendations: The prolonged intake of supplemented feed with A. brasiliensis mycelium didn't result in indicative alterations in the kidney function indices. The preventive use of the mushroom did not show any deleterious effects on kidney; however complementary studies are necessary to guarantee complete safety; possible correlation between increase of urinary excretion and hypotensive effect reported in the literature and also studies with diabetics animals to verify an possible hypoglycemic effect of the A. brasiliensis mycelium.

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“…1) and with a hypotensive effect reported by Watanabe et al in their researches [41,42] . In 2002, these researchers related the hypotensive effect of Agaricus blazei on spontaneously hypertensive rats and in 2003, in subsequent studies, these mushroom proved to have similar effects on mild hypertensive humans [41,42] . Sorimachi et al [43] drew the conclusion that Agaricus blazei Murill has some components that activate macrophages resulting in the induction of cytokines secretion and NO in vitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Further studies must be carried out in order to verify a possible correlation between the increase of urinary excretion, shown in the present work for A100 group (Table 1), the increase of water intake ( Fig. 1) and with a hypotensive effect reported by Watanabe et al in their researches [41,42] . In 2002, these researchers related the hypotensive effect of Agaricus blazei on spontaneously hypertensive rats and in 2003, in subsequent studies, these mushroom proved to have similar effects on mild hypertensive humans [41,42] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kidney Function Indices in Mice after Long Intake of Agaricus brasiliensis Mycelia (=Agaricus blazei, Agaricus subrufescens) Produced by Solid State Cultivation

Stutz¹

2009

OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences

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Problem statement: Agaricus brasiliensis (=Agaricus blazei, Agaricus subrufescens) orSun mushroom has widespread use for potential health benefits such anti-tumor and immunomodulatory effects. Studies detected that others edible mushrooms affected renal metabolism and despite the widespread use of A. brasiliensis there are no studies that address biological effects on the renal function indices after their oral administration. Therefore, this study had as objective to verify the effects on kidney function indices after long intake of A. brasiliensis mycelium. Approach: Wheat grains was cultured during 18 days with Agaricus brasiliensis mycelium by solid state culture and used for chown formulation. Groups of female Swiss mice (20 per group) were fed during 14 weeks with 100 and 50% of the formulated feed denominated A100 and A50, respectively. Control group received formulated chown with wheat grains without mycelium. The water intake and excreted urine volume; the physic chemistry analysis of the urine and the serum levels of glucose, proteins, urea, creatinin and uric acid was determined (Meditron Junior-Boehringer, reagent strips Combur 10; microscopy and ADVIA 1650 Bayer). Results: A100 and A50 groups ingested 19.1 and 15.8% more water compared to C group, respectively. The urine and serum analysis showed that the verified parameters remained invariables for all groups, including glucose levels, which resulted in a 10% reduction of A100 group, without statistical difference (p>0.05 Vs C). Conclusion/Recommendations: The prolonged intake of supplemented feed with A. brasiliensis mycelium didn't result in indicative alterations in the kidney function indices. The preventive use of the mushroom did not show any deleterious effects on kidney; however complementary studies are necessary to guarantee complete safety; possible correlation between increase of urinary excretion and hypotensive effect reported in the literature and also studies with diabetics animals to verify an possible hypoglycemic effect of the A. brasiliensis mycelium.

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Antihypertensive Effect of .GAMMA.-Aminobutyric Acid-Enriched Agaricus blazei on Mild Hypertensive Human Subjects

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Condições de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial de Agaricus brasiliensis em cultivo axênico

Condições de temperatura e pH para o crescimento micelial de Agaricus brasiliensis em cultivo axênico

Kidney Function Indices in Mice after Long Intake of Agaricus brasiliensis Mycelia (=Agaricus blazei, Agaricus subrufescens) Produced by Solid State Cultivation

Kidney Function Indices in Mice after Long Intake of Agaricus brasiliensis Mycelia (=Agaricus blazei, Agaricus subrufescens) Produced by Solid State Cultivation

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