Antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects of a spread containing bioactive peptides IPP and VPP and plant sterols

Turpeinen, Anu M.; Kumpu, Minna; Rönnback, Mats; Seppo, L; Kautiainen, Hannu; Jauhiainen, T.; Vapaatalo, Heikki; Korpela, Riitta

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2009.03.001

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, significant reductions in BP (either SBP or both SBP and DBP) were reported in the earlier studies of Jauhiainen et al (51) , Cicero et al (55) , Yoshizawa et al (48,49) , Nakamura et al (54) and Turpeinen et al (52,53) after feeding LTP, and intact whey and casein proteins (35) . However, in a number of these studies (48,49,55) , the significant results were expressed relative to baseline only.…”

Section: á a Fekete Et Almentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In a few cases, a higher Ca (46,50,51) or K (50,51) content of the test product could have influenced its BP-lowering effects. The control products in some trials had a higher protein content than treatment products (44,53) . Fluegel et al (45) used unhydrolysed WPC80 as a control as it closly mimicked the distinctive mouth-feel and appearance of the test product (hydrolysed WPC80).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: a review of evidence from human intervention studies

2013

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CVD are the leading cause of death worldwide. Hypertension, a major controllable risk factor of CVD, is intimately associated with vascular dysfunction, a defect which is also now recognised to be a major, modifiable risk factor for the development of CVD. The purpose of the present review was to critically evaluate the evidence for the effects of milk proteins and their associated peptides on blood pressure (BP) and vascular dysfunction. After a detailed literature search, the number of human trials evaluating the antihypertensive effects of caseinderived peptides (excluding isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline) was found to be limited; the studies were preliminary with substantial methodological limitations. Likewise, the data from human trials that examined the effects of whey protein and peptides were also scarce and inconsistent. To date, only one study has conducted a comparative investigation on the relative effects of the two main intact milk proteins on BP and vascular function. While both milk proteins were shown to reduce BP, only whey protein improved measures of arterial stiffness. In contrast, a growing number of human trials have produced evidence to support beneficial effects of both milk proteins and peptides on vascular health. However, comparison of the relative outcomes from these trials is difficult owing to variation in the forms of assessment and measures of vascular function. In conclusion, there is an accumulating body of evidence to support positive effects of milk proteins in improving and/or maintaining cardiovascular health. However, the variable quality of the studies that produced this evidence, and the lack of robust, randomised controlled intervention trials, undermines the formulation of firm conclusions on the potential benefits of milk proteins and peptides on vascular health.

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Section: á a Fekete Et Almentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: a review of evidence from human intervention studies

2013

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“…In the framework of further assessment, two additional meta-analyses (Aubin, 2011, unpublished;Cicero et al, 2011) and six RCTs (Cicero et al, 2010;Ishida et al, 2007;Nakamura et al, 2011;Turpeinen et al, 2009;Usinger et al, 2010a;Yoshizawa et al, 2010) were provided as pertinent to the claim.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effect (Id 661 183mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study (Turpeinen et al, 2009), 62 hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic subjects not on antihypertensive or cholesterol-lowering medications consumed 20 g/day of a vegetable oil fat spread providing 4.2 mg/day IPP and VPP and 2 g/day plant sterols or the same amount of a placebo fat spread for 10 weeks after a run-in period of four weeks. A total of 58 subjects completed the study.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effect (Id 661 183mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to isoleucine‐proline‐proline (IPP) and valine‐proline‐proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 661, 1831, 1832, 2891, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Products¹

2012

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, pursuant to Article 13.1 of Regulation (EC) No 1924No /2006, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to provide a scientific opinion on a health claim related to isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure. The food constituent that is the subject of the claim, the tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP), is sufficiently characterised. The claimed effect, maintenance of normal blood pressure, is a beneficial physiological effect. The proposed target population is the general population. In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that 15 of the human intervention studies provided, of which seven were adequately powered to detect small between-group differences in systolic blood pressure, did not observe an effect of IPP and VPP on systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure; that interpretation of the results from nine out of the ten studies which reported an effect of IPP and VPP on office systolic blood pressure was limited by methodological weaknesses; that the animal and in vitro/ex vivo studies did not provide additional information on the effect of IPP and VPP on blood pressure in humans; and that there is no convincing evidence for a mechanism by which IPP and VPP could exert the claimed effect in humans at the proposed dose. On the basis of the data presented, the Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of IPP and VPP and maintenance of normal blood pressure. © European Food Safety Authority, 2012 KEY WORDSIsoleucine-proline-proline, IPP, valine-proline-proline, VPP, blood pressure, health claims. Isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure (further assessment) 2 EFSA Journal 2012;10(6):2715 SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to provide a scientific opinion on a list of health claims pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924No /2006. The Commission has agreed with EU Member States that a certain number of Article 13 health claims would be eligible for further assessment by EFSA in order to be able to take a final decision on whether or not to include these claims in the list of permitted health claims. This opinion addresses the scientific substantiation of health claims in relation to the tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline (IPP) and valine-proline-proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure. The scientific substantiation is based on the information provided by the Member States in the consolidated list of Article 13 health claims, references that EFSA has received from Member States or directly from stakeholders and the additional information provided by the competent Authority of Germany for further assessment of this claim.The food constituent that is the subject of th...

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“…The lactotripeptides do not exist in milk in significant amounts, but are produced during fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis of dairy proteins in specific processes, and by certain probiotic bacteria, 3,4 and are absorbed partially into the circulation. 5,6 Dairy products containing Ile-Pro-Pro and Val-ProPro (from 5 to 50 mg per day) have blood-pressure-lowering effects in mildly hypertensive subjects, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] although contradictory results have been reported. [19][20][21] Commercial products contain usually around 5 mg of peptides in recommended daily dose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long-term intake of lactotripeptides on cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive subjects

Jauhiainen

Niittynen²,

Orešič

et al. 2012

Eur J Clin Nutr

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Lactobacillus helveticus LBK-16H-fermented milk products containing tripeptides isoleucine-prolineproline and valine-proline-proline lower blood pressure in hypertensive subjects using office and home blood pressure registration. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of two doses of these lactotripeptides on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and lipidomics profiles in mildly hypertensive subjects. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study, 89 mildly hypertensive subjects ingested, after a 1-month run-in period, a fermented milk drink with 5 mg per day of lactotripeptides during 3 months, and a milk drink with 50 mg per day of lactotripeptides for the following 3 months, or a placebo milk drink without lactotripeptides. Ambulatory blood pressure (24 h) was recorded at baseline and at the end of the intervention periods. Lipidomics profiles were characterized before and after the 6-month intervention. RESULTS: After the second intervention period (50 mg per day of lactotripeptides), systolic and diastolic 24-h blood pressures decreased significantly in the peptide, but not in the placebo group. However, the treatment effects À 2.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): À 5.7 to 0.4) in systolic and À 1.3 mm Hg (95% CI: À 3.4 to 0.8) in diastolic blood pressure did not reach statistic significance. Ingestion of 5 mg per day of lactotripeptides for 3 months did not lower blood pressure. The peptide group was dominated by decrease in multiple phospholipids (PL). CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of fermented milk with daily dose of 50 mg of lactotripeptides appears to lower elevated blood pressure slightly from the baseline, but not significantly compared with the placebo group and to induce significant decreases in multiple PL.

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Antihypertensive and cholesterol-lowering effects of a spread containing bioactive peptides IPP and VPP and plant sterols

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: a review of evidence from human intervention studies

The impact of milk proteins and peptides on blood pressure and vascular function: a review of evidence from human intervention studies

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to isoleucine‐proline‐proline (IPP) and valine‐proline‐proline (VPP) and maintenance of normal blood pressure (ID 661, 1831, 1832, 2891, further assessment) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Effects of long-term intake of lactotripeptides on cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive subjects

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