Antihyperlipidemic bioactivity of Alpinia officinarum (Hance) Farw Zingiberaceae can be attributed to the coexistance of curcumin, polyphenolics, dietary fibers and phytosterols

Abstract

Rhizoma A. officinarum (Hance) Farw, synonymously is called rhizoma galangae or smaller galangal (hereafter abbreviated as AO). Numerous studies reported that AO possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, chemoprotective, antibacterial, antifungal and diuretic properties. To understand whether AO exhibits antihyperlipidemic bioactivity and what is the mechanism of action, we performed chemical and animal studies using hamsters (age: 4 weeks, body weight: 45 ± 4 g). The grouping of the animals was as follows: control, high fat (HF) diet, HF + AO2%, HF + AO4%, HF + AO6%, HF + AO8% and HF + AO10%. AO contained curcumin 5.67 mg g(-1) (on wet basis), crude fiber 1.3% ± 0.0%, soluble diet fiber 92 ± 2 mg g(-1), insoluble diet fiber 502 ± 5 mg g(-1), and phytosterols 63.9 ± 1.6 mg/100 g. Its methanolic extract consisted of high polyphenolics 4927.8 ± 101.1 mgGAE/100 g and flavonoids 593.2 ± 22.2 mgQE/100 g. The enlarged organs, including liver, kidney, and spleen, which were elicited by HF were completely alleviated by AO supplement diets. Levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio for the control originally were 138 ± 6, 98 ± 4, 40 ± 5, 168 ± 7 mg dL(-1) and 0.24, which were elevated by HF to 319 ± 12, 223 ± 13, 108 ± 11, 194 ± 6 mg dL(-1) and 0.05, and alleviated completely by HF + AO8% and HF + AO10%. In vitro, AO extracts showed potent DPPH free radical-scavenging and superoxide anion scavenging capabilities. In vivo, AO (at dose ≥8%) dose-dependently alleviated levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, GSH, and MDA to 117 ± 6.9 U mL(-1), 32.9 ± 3.7 U mL(-1), 7.0 ± 1.7 μmol mL(-1) and 1.8 ± 0.4 nmol L(-1), respectively, exhibiting the remarkable antioxidative and antihyperlipidemic effects of AO. Conclusively, we are the first to report the occurrence of curcumin in rhizoma A. officinarum. Curcumin synergistically elicits promising anti-dyslipidemic bioactivity with coexisting total polyphenolics, dietary fibers and phytosterols.

The Diversity of Biologically Active Compounds in the Rhizomes of Recently Discovered Zingiberaceae Plants Native to North Eastern Thailand

“…22 In contrast, our result has lower the level of this compound than A. officinarum (5 mg/g) from Taiwan as well. 35 The results of this study conform to the previous data which reported that Z. officinale was rich in 6-gingerol (245 µg/g DW). 25 Similarly, Puengphian and Sirichote 36 extracted 6-gingerol from Z. officinale using the supercritical CO 2 extraction method at 200 bar at 35°C and 230 bar at 40°C and reported 6-gingerol contents of 239 and 171 mg/g in the extract from the respective conditions.…”

Chemical Constituents of Supercritical Extracts from Alpinia officinarum and the Feeding Deterrent Activity against Tribolium castaneum

“…Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as lesser galangal, is an important plant from the ginger family that originates in southern China and is cultivated in Southeast Asia [ 11 ]. Its rhizomes, which have a strong aromatic odour, have been used as Chinese folk medicine (usually called “Gao-liang-jiang”) for decades [ 12 ]. Numerous studies reported that A. officinarum possesses anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antihyperlipidemic, antiemetic, and diuretic properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Effect ofAlpinia officinarumHance rhizome extract on spermatogram factors in men with idiopathic infertility: A prospective double-blinded randomised clinical trial

“…Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal) has been used for sexual dysfunction in traditional Persian medicine (Avicenna, ) for more than 10 centuries (Rezaeizadeh, Alizadeh, Naseri, & Ardakani, ). Several compounds that have been isolated from this plant show various effects, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects (Hewage et al, ; Lin et al, ; Honmore et al, ). There are good safety profiles in other studies (Altman & Marcussen, ; Lin et al, ).…”

“…Several compounds that have been isolated from this plant show various effects, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory effects (Hewage et al, ; Lin et al, ; Honmore et al, ). There are good safety profiles in other studies (Altman & Marcussen, ; Lin et al, ). One of the main active components of A. officinarum is galangin which has been indicated in several studies to have a potent antioxidant activity (Kaushik, Yadav, Kaushik, Sacher, & Rani, ).…”