Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Costus speciosus in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Hyperglycemia, abnormal lipid and antioxidant profiles are the most usual complications in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidant potency of an ethanol extract of Costus speciosus root was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic male (Charles Foster) rats. Four groups of alloxan diabetic rats (n = 6) were administered orally with different doses of Costus speciosus root extract (150, 300 and 450 mg/kg BW) and a standard drug, glibenclamide (600 microg/kg BW), for 4 weeks. Two groups of rats (n = 6) served as normal and diabetic controls. While the diabetic controls showed significant abnormal carbohydrate, lipid and antioxidant profiles, administration of 150 mg/kg BW dose neither improved glucose nor lipid metabolism and antioxidant levels. Administration of 300 and 450 mg/kg BW doses, however, resulted in a reversal of diabetes and its complications. Both doses significantly brought down blood glucose concentration (26.76%, 34.68%), increased glycogenesis and decreased glyconeogenesis bringing the glucose metabolism toward normalcy. These doses also reversed the hyperlipidemia by reducing plasma total lipid (12.87%, 178.24%), cholesterol (21.92%, 30.77%) and triglyceride (25.32%, 33.99%) and improved hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities. The high dose (450 mg/kg BW) was found to have more potential antioxidant activities compared with glibenclamide. It is concluded that Costus speciosus root extract possesses anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipemic and antioxidative effects, which may prove to be of clinical importance in the management of diabetes and its complications.

Diabetes Mellitus and its Control by Ocimum sanctum Extract in Mice Diabetic Model

“…In the present study, some of the diabetic non-treated control animals all died on day 10 post-induction of diabetes whereas the extract-treated group survived beyond the period of the experiment. Effective control of blood glucose level is a key step in preventing and reversing diabetic complications, and improving the quality of life of diabetic patients (Bavarva and Narasimhacharya, 2008). Hence, chronic administration of the extract may cause a progressively sustained reduction in hyperglycaemia known to reduce the risk of complications associated with the disease.…”

Hepatoprotective Effect of Costus Roots Extract against Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)-Induced Liver Injury in Guinea Pigs

“…So, pretreatment of animals with SC and/or Liv-52 reduces significantly the levels of these parameters suggesting their hepatoprotective potential [51]. According to Bavarva and Narasimhacharya [52], Costus speciosus root extract possesses anti-hyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative effects, which may prove to be of clinical importance in the management of diabetes and its complications. It was reported that, the ethanolic extract of Costus species showed significant reduction in glucose, urea, total cholesterol in blood of Albino rats [53].…”

). Hepatoprotective Activity of Costus Speciosus (Koen. Ex. Retz.) Against Paracetamol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

“…Ten percent neutral buffered formalin was used for saving liver specimens. The specimens were embedded in paraffin to prepare for sectioning (4)(5) …”

“…Its extract is also used to control syphilis in Japanese traditional medicine (Jain, 1991). C. speciosus possessed various activities: antibacterial, antifungal (Ibrahim et al 2017), anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antipyretic, and antioxidant (Bavarva and Narasimhacharya, 2008;Srivastava et al, 2013). Moreover, C. speciosus saponins had antifertility and oestrogenic activities (Tewari et al, 1973).…”