Antihypercholesterolemic and Antioxidative Potential of an Extract of the Plant, Piper betle, and Its Active Constituent, Eugenol, in Triton WR‐1339‐Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Experimental Rats

Abstract

Hypercholesterolemia is a dominant risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, the putative antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidative properties of an ethanolic extract of Piper betle and of its active constituent, eugenol, were evaluated in experimental hypercholesterolemia induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 (300 mg/kg b.wt) in Wistar rats. Saline-treated hypercholesterolemic rats revealed significantly higher mean blood/serum levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and of serum hepatic marker enzymes; in addition, significantly lower mean serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and significantly lower mean activities of enzymatic antioxidants and nonenzymatic antioxidants were noted in hepatic tissue samples from saline-treated hypercholesterolemic rats, compared to controls. However, in hypercholesterolemic rats receiving the Piper betle extract (500 mg/kg b.wt) or eugenol (5 mg/kg b.wt) for seven days orally, all these parameters were significantly better than those in saline-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. The hypercholesterolemia-ameliorating effect was better defined in eugenol-treated than in Piper betle extract-treated rats, being as effective as that of the standard lipid-lowering drug, lovastatin (10 mg/kg b.wt). These results suggest that eugenol, an active constituent of the Piper betle extract, possesses antihypercholesterolemic and other activities in experimental hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Isonicotinic Carboxamide Derivatives as Potential Anti‐Hyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Agents

“…, induction of hyperlipidemia in experimental rats (hyperlipidemic group, HG) using a single dose of 300 mg/kg Triton WR‐1339 showed significant increase in serum levels of LDL‐C, TG, and TC compared with control group (CG) after 18 h of Triton WR‐1339 administration ( p < 0.05). These results were consistent with previously published literature on the suitability of using this model in the evaluation of hypolipidemic effect of different chemical and natural compounds .…”

Cholesterol Lowering Potentials of a Blend of Standardized Methanol Extracts of Moringa Oleifera Leaves and Fruits in Albino Wistar Rats

“…Many plant extracts such as Ocimum basilicum L. Piper betle L. Aegle marmelos (L) [24][25][26] and many more are tested for hypo cholesterol activity. In the triton model, the extract blend significantly reduced total plasma cholesterol.…”

Antihypercholesterolemic Effects of Mushroom, Chrysin, Curcumin and Omega-3 in Experimental Hypercholesterolemic Rats

“…The results of simvastatin on serum TG levels could be explained through elevation of lipoprotein lipase activity by increasing lipase mRNA expression [41] and through suppression of diacyl glycerol acyl transferase, which catalyzes the final step in TG biosynthesis in the rat liver microsomes [26,27,42]. Here, administration of mushroom extract, chrysin, curcumin and omega-3 as well as simvastatin to hypercholesterolemic rats resulted in reduction of serum levels of total cholesterol and TG, and elevation of HDLcholesterol than those in hypercholesterolemic rats.…”

“…Twenty four hours after administration of Triton WR-1339, rats exhibited elevated serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, these rats were seemed to be hypercholesterolemic and used for further investigation and treatment [26].…”