Antihypercholesterolemic activity of .BETA.-sitostanol in rabbits.

Ikeda, Ikuo; Kawasaki, Akira; Samezima, Kazuhiko; Sugano, Michihiro

doi:10.3177/jnsv.27.243

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the more recent studies, different species of animals were used, including ApoE-deficient mice, ApoE*3-Leiden transgenic mice, rabbits, obese Zucker rats, and hamsters. [96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103] Most animal studies have concluded that plant sterols exert protective effects on atherosclerotic lesion development, plaque formation, foam cell formation, and vascular endothelium damage. Furthermore, it has been reported that the attenuation of foam cell formation by the consumption of plant sterols occurs in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Concentrations of Plant Sterols: Physiology and Relationship with Coronary Heart Disease

Chan¹,

Varady²,

Lin³

et al. 2006

Nutrition Reviews

112

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Recently, it has been questioned whether elevated levels of circulating plant sterols increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). To date, no definitive conclusions regarding such a relationship have been reached, nor have there been any studies summarizing the factors that contribute to the observed elevations in plant sterol concentrations in plasma. Thus, the purpose of this review is to systematically compare the plant sterol levels of subjects from the general population and to describe factors that contribute to the variations observed. The question of whether elevated plasma concentrations of plant sterols are associated with an increased risk of CHD was also assessed. Results indicate that the key factors accounting for variations in circulating plant sterol concentrations include: apolipoprotein E phenotypes, ATP-binding cassette transporter polymorphisms, use of statin drugs, presence of metabolic syndrome, dietary intake of plant sterols, gender, and analytical techniques used in the measurement of plant sterols in the plasma. An analysis of the studies examining the relationship between circulating levels of plant sterols and CHD risk in non-sitosterolemic populations revealed no clear associations. Furthermore, it was shown that the above-mentioned factors play an important role in determining the levels of plant sterols in plasma. Since these factors may act as potential confounders, they must be controlled for before more solid conclusions can be reached.

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Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Concentrations of Plant Sterols: Physiology and Relationship with Coronary Heart Disease

Chan¹,

Varady²,

Lin³

et al. 2006

Nutrition Reviews

112

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“…Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are involved in the immune system; they reduce the thrombo-embolic problems by reducing platelet aggregation and also assist in the reduction of the anti-inflammatory drug metabolites. 4 sitosterol has been reported to take part in the cholesterol reduction 5 and to improve urinary problems. 6 Vitamin E is a group of eight molecules called tocopherols or tocotrienols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed study of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil micro-compounds: phospholipids, tocopherols and sterols

Chunhieng¹,

Hafidi²,

Pioch³

et al. 2008

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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O óleo da castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa) foi estudado por causa da sua composição em ácidos graxos, tocoferóis, esteróis e fosfolipídios. A composição de ácidos graxos nos fosfolipídeos também foi estudada. Os resultados foram comparados com os do girassol, da castanha, amêndoa, noz, soja e azeites. O seu alto teor em ácidos graxos insaturados, em -tocoferol e em -sitosterol confere à castanha-do-pará interessantes propriedades antioxidantes e de prevenção do colesterol. A composição de ácidos graxos em fosfolipídio é muito diferente da composição do óleo. O ácido linolênico, que não se encontra no óleo, encontra-se em grande quantidade na fosfatidiletanolamina.The oil of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) was studied for its composition in fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols and phospholipids. The fatty acids composition of phospholipids was also studied. These results were compared to those of sunflower, walnut, almond, soya and olive oils. Its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, of -tocopherol and of -sitosterol gave to the Brazil nut interesting antioxidant and anti-cholesterol properties. The composition of fatty acids in phospholipid is very different from the composition of the oil. Linolenic acid, which is not present in the oil, is present at a high level in phosphatidylethanolamine.

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“…This claim was supported by the finding that stanols reduce the in vivo micellar solubility of cholesterol more efficiently than sterols (62). The superiority of plant stanols over sterols in reducing cholesterol absorption and serum LDL-C levels has been reported in a number of animal studies (102,109,110) and in humans (105,111,112). In one study in humans, intestinal infusion of sitostanol was found to be more effective in reducing cholesterol absorption by 85% compared with 50% reduction in the case of sitosterol (105).…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Cholesterol-lowering Activity Of Plantmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Another study in hyperlipidemic men and women has shown that combined supplementation of phytosterols with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids synergistically lowered plasma LDL-C and triglyceride concentrations with an improvement in HDL-C levels (101). Similarly, fish oil esters of plant sterols have demonstrated marked reduction in fasting and postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations, in hyperlipidemic subjects, compared to sunflower oil esters of plant sterols (23).Several researchers have claimed that plant stanols are more effective in reducing circulating cholesterol levels than plant sterols (102)(103)(104)(105)(106)(107)(108)(109). This claim was supported by the finding that stanols reduce the in vivo micellar solubility of cholesterol more efficiently than sterols (62).…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Cholesterol-lowering Activity Of Plantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

2015

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-Consumption of plant sterols/ stanols has long been demonstrated to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the lipid-lowering activity and antiatherogenic effects of natural and semi-synthetic plant sterols/ stanols based on evidence from cell-culture studies, animal studies and clinical trials. Additionally, this review highlights certain molecular mechanisms by which plant sterols/ stanols lower plasma cholesterol levels with a special emphasis on factors that affect the cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterols/stanols. The crystalline nature and the poor oil solubility of these natural products could be important factors that limit their cholesterol-lowering efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the cholesterol-lowering activity by enhancing the bioavailability of crystalline sterols and stanols. Approaches involved reduction of the crystal size and/or esterification with fatty acids from vegetable or fish oils. However, the most promising approach in this context is the chemical modification of plant sterols /stanols into water soluble disodium ascorbyl phytostanyl phosphates analogue by esterification with ascorbic acid. This novel semi-synthetic stanol derivative has improved efficacy over natural plant sterols/ stanols and can provide additional benefits by combining the cholesterol-lowering properties of plant stanols with the antioxidant potential of ascorbic acid.

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Antihypercholesterolemic activity of .BETA.-sitostanol in rabbits.

Cited by 42 publications

References 20 publications

Plasma Concentrations of Plant Sterols: Physiology and Relationship with Coronary Heart Disease

Plasma Concentrations of Plant Sterols: Physiology and Relationship with Coronary Heart Disease

Detailed study of Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) oil micro-compounds: phospholipids, tocopherols and sterols

Lipid-lowering Activity of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Sterols and Stanols

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