Antihelminthic Drugs

Reich, Reuben; Mulvaney, Patrick M.; Robinson‐Bostom, Leslie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63407-8.00031-9

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Levamisole has also been used in combination with other compounds for the treatment of various malignancies, with equivocal results. However, the occurrence of severe adverse reactions, such as agranulocytosis or bone marrow aplasia, discredited the drug [114].…”

Section: Levamisolementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

2022

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For the last four decades, knowledge about human toxocariasis with regard to its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical spectrum, and imaging or laboratory diagnosis has substantially progressed. Knowledge about specific therapy with anthelmintics has lagged behind. To date, only four drugs are registered for human use, and their efficacy has rarely been assessed in prospective controlled trials. It is likely that the repurposing of potent anthelmintics from veterinary medicine will improve this situation. Due to its wide availability and a lack of major side effects during short regimens, albendazole has become the drug of choice. However, its efficacy should be more precisely assessed. The role of anthelmintics in the treatment of neurological or ocular toxocariasis remains to be clarified. Prophylactic measures in humans or companion animals are efficient and represent first-line treatments for the control of this zoonosis. Unfortunately, their implementation in areas or countries where toxocariasis epidemiology is driven by poverty is quite difficult or unrealistic.

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Section: Levamisolementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

2022

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“…Levamisole is a synthetic compound from the group of imidazothiazole and their immunostimulatory effect is characterized by increased T lymphocyte proliferation, chemotaxis and phagocytic activity, and increased production of antibodies when used as a vaccine adjuvant (Biller-Takahashi et al, 2016;Misra et al 2009). In fish, it has been found that levamisole has increased the number of circulating leukocytes, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, the myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophil and serum lysozyme (Mulero et al, 1998;Cuesta et al, 2002;Li et al, 2006;Reich et al, 2014). However, despite these evidences, it is necessary to employ special attention in this chemical compound, since its effect is dose and time dependent, and high doses may promote an immunosuppression condition, otherwise the under dosage may not be efficient (Mulero et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LEVAMISOLE MODULATES THE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY OF MATRINXí, Brycon amazonicus

et al. 2019

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The use of immunomodulators is an alternative to improve the immune system of fish and avoid the excessive use of antibiotics. Levamisole is a synthetic anthelmintic which promotes a potent immunostimulation on innate and acquired variables of fish. In order to access the levamisole effects on matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, fish were fed levamisole at 500 mg kg-1 of diet for seven days. After this period fish were submitted to blood collection. Immunological variables, such as leukocytes respiratory burst, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin index and hematological variables, such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red and white blood cell (WBC) and Wintrobe indexes were evaluated. The levamisole administration increased the WBC counts indicating that the immunostimulant modulates the cell-mediated immunity. The increased WBC indicate that the fish fed levamisole were in a better body condition, and probable more resistant to disease due to potential for phagocytosis activation, degranulation of neutrophilic granules, and consequently production of antibodies and immunological memory. Besides, these findings are important for news projects regarding the production of vaccines and deeper understanding of fish cell-mediated immunity.

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Antihelminthic Drugs

Cited by 2 publications

References 57 publications

Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

Therapy and Prevention for Human Toxocariasis

LEVAMISOLE MODULATES THE CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY OF MATRINXí, Brycon amazonicus

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