Antigenotoxicity properties of Copaifera multijuga oleoresin and its chemical marker, the diterpene (−)-copalic acid

Abstract

2-AA, 2-anthramine; 2-AF, 2-aminofluorene; AFB, aflatoxin B; B[a]P, benzo[a]pyrene; BOD, biological oxygen demand; BPDE, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide; CA, (-)-copalic acid; CMO, oleoresin of Copaifera multijuga, DMEM, Dulbecco`s Modified Eagles`s Medium; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; EMBRAPA, Brazilian agricultural research corporation; GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; HAM-F10, nutrient mixture F-10 Ham; HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography; LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; MI, mutagenic index; MMC, mitomycin C; MMS, methyl methanesulfonate; MN, micronucleus; MNPCE, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte; NCE, normochromatic erythrocyte; NDI, nuclear division index; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance; NPD, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCE, polychromatic erythrocyte; SA, sodium azide; V79, Chinese hamster lung fibroblast.

Investigation of Safety Profile of Four Copaifera Species and of Kaurenoic Acid by Salmonella/Microsome Test

“…The data obtained showed that none of them exert no genotoxic/mutagenic effect under the experimental conditions employed. When compared to our results, these data indicate that for C. multijuga both the extract, which was evaluated in our study, and oleoresin, as evaluated by Alves et al [13], do not affect the number of revertant colonies compared to the negative control in Ames test; the same applies to copalic acid and kaurenoic acid. These findings suggest that mutagenicity is absent, regardless of metabolic activation.…”

“…In this way, the oleoresin of C. multijuga and its chemical marker, diterpene copalic acid, were evaluated by Alves et al [13] through the micronucleus assay (V79 cell) and the Ames test for in vitro study, as well as micronucleus and comet assays (Swiss mice) for in vivo assay. The data obtained showed that none of them exert no genotoxic/mutagenic effect under the experimental conditions employed.…”

“…The scientific literature contains numerous reports on the pharmacological activities of Copaifera species, such as their anti-inflammatory [4], antitumor [8], antiproliferative [9], anthelmintic [10], antitubercular [11], gastroprotective [12], chemopreventive [13], immunomodulatory [14], and antibacterial [9, 15, 16] actions, among others.…”