Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Resveratrol in Erythrocytes of Ambystoma mexicanum, Oreochromis niloticus and Human Lymphocytes Exposed to Glyphosate

Abstract

Glyphosate is a controversial herbicide. Its genotoxicity and presence in various ecosystems have been reported. The use of ascorbic acid and resveratrol could protect different organisms from glyphosate-induced genetic damage. In the present study, specific genetic damage induced by glyphosate was evaluated in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum and human lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the antigenotoxic capacity of various concentrations of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was evaluated by means of pretreatment and simultaneous treatment protocols. The 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 mM concentrations of glyphosate induced significant genotoxic activity (p < 0.05) in human lymphocytes and in erythrocytes of the species studied, and could cause genomic instability in these populations. The reduction in genetic damage observed in human lymphocytes exposed to high concentrations of glyphosate is only apparent: excessive genetic damage was associated with undetectable excessive tail migration length. A significant (p < 0.05) antigenotoxic effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol was observed in all concentrations, organisms and protocols used. Both ascorbic acid and resveratrol play an important role in maintaining the integrity of DNA. Ascorbic acid in Oreochromis niloticus, Ambystoma mexicanum reduced glyphosate-induced genetic damage to a basal level. Therefore, our data indicate that these antioxidants could help preserve the integrity of the DNA of organisms exposed to glyphosate. The consumption of antioxidants is a useful tool against the genotoxicity of glyphosate.

Assessment of Genetic Damage Induced via Glyphosate and Three Commercial Formulations with Adjuvants in Human Blood Cells

“…Although there is evidence of the genotoxic activity of G [7,8], this is controversial [16,18], and it is necessary to increase the degree of certainty of its genotoxicity. Alvarez-Moya et al [34] reported the genotoxicity of G in the blood of humans in a mean concentration of 0.0007-0.7 mM. To ensure the analysis of genotoxic activity, high concentrations (50 and 10 mM) and lower ones such as those reported by Khan et al [7] were used, observing the dose-dependent genotoxic activity of G, from 0.1 mM-50 mM, using the tail length, tail moment, and MG parameters.…”

“…The alkaline comet assay was carried out using the method of Speit and Hartm [45], as was mentioned by Alvarez-Moya et al [34]. It is as follows: slides were cov with Normal Melting Point (NMP) agarose at 1%, then the agarose was allowed to ify, and then it was removed from the slides, giving a completely clean surface as a r Next, a 0.6% Low Melting Point (LMP) agarose layer was placed on each slide.…”

Concentration-associated genotoxicity of the herbicide marvel in Oreochromis niloticus erythrocytes and in human and mouse Balb/c lymphocytesalb/c

“…It is pertinent to mention that Oreochromis niloticus erythrocytes and human and mouse lymphocytes have been used as biomonitors of genetic damage induced by pesticides (Alvarez-Moya et al, 2022).…”

Is Autism a PIN1 Deficiency Syndrome? A Proposed Etiological Role for Glyphosate

“…A paper published by Alvarez-Moya et al in 2022 showed conclusively that glyphosate is genotoxic to erythrocytes of salamanders and tilapia, as well as human lymphocytes. They also showed that supplementation with ascorbate and resveratrol (an antioxidant) reduced glyphosate's genotoxic effects [30].…”