Antigenic relationships between field isolates of morbilliviruses from different carnivores

Abstract

The antigenic relationships between PDV and isolates of morbilliviruses from carnivores suffering from distemper were investigated. Fourteen isolates, originating from terrestrial carnivores and harbour seals from 1985-1991 from Denmark, Norway, Greenland, and the U.S.A. were reacted in IFA and ELISA with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against four virion proteins (NP, P, F, and H). The MAbs comprised a newly completed panel of 36 anti-PDV MAbs and 39 previously developed anti-CDV MAbs. The antigenic make-up of the isolates separated them into the CDV prototype group and the PDV prototype group, having the antigenic characteristics of the reference vaccine strains of CDV and the Danish PDV isolate, respectively. The minor antigenic variations within the CDV group contrasted markedly to the differences encountered between the CDV and PDV group. The PDV group included isolates made in 1988 from diseased seals of Danish and Norwegian waters and isolates made in 1989 from distemper outbreaks in Danish mink farms. In contrast, the other distemper isolates investigated, including isolates from 1986 from a corresponding Danish mink farm, revealed the antigenic characteristics of CDV. Our results strongly indicate that PDV was recently transmitted from diseased seals to terrestrial carnivores causing distemper epizootics among farmed mink.

Lymphotropism and host responses during acute wild-type canine distemper virus infections in a highly susceptible natural host

“…Blood samples for serum collection and heparin-stabilized blood samples for purification of PBMCs were drawn by puncture of the vena cephalica accessoria. A Ficoll density gradient (Ficoll Paque; Amersham Biosciences) was used for purification of PBMCs as described previously (Blixenkrone-Møller et al, 1992). Tissue samples collected post-mortem were stored at 280 uC until testing for virus RNA and antigen content.…”

“…Intracellular CDV antigen staining of PBMCs and tissue smears was carried out as described previously (Blixenkrone-Møller et al, 1992). Briefly, cells and tissue smears from the lymphoid, respiratory and urinary tract systems were acetone-fixed on glass slides and incubated with a mAb against the CDV nucleoprotein (N) (Ö rvell et al, 1985) or normal mouse serum (negative controls) (code no.…”

“…A Ficoll density gradient (Ficoll Paque; Amersham Biosciences) was used for purification of PBMCs as described previously (Blixenkrone-Møller et al, 1992). Tissue samples collected post-mortem were stored at 280 uC until testing for virus RNA and antigen content.Assessment of virus infection in PBMC and organ systems.Intracellular CDV antigen staining of PBMCs and tissue smears was carried out as described previously (Blixenkrone-Møller et al, 1992). Briefly, cells and tissue smears from the lymphoid, respiratory and urinary tract systems were acetone-fixed on glass slides and incubated with a mAb against the CDV nucleoprotein (N) (Ö rvell et al, 1985) or normal mouse serum (negative controls) (code no.…”

Comparison of Molecular and Growth Properties for Two Different Canine Distemper Virus Clusters, Asia 1 and 2, in Japan

“…H protein is the major determinant of CDV tropism and cytopathogenicity [17] and has the highest antigenic variation [3]. On the other hand, the P gene is most conserved within the clades of a given CDV lineage [5].…”

First Isolation and Characterization of Canine Distemper Virus in Vietnam with the Immunohistochemical Examination of the Dog

“…Therefore, in this study, a pathological study of distemper dogs and molecular characteristics of CDV isolated in Vietnam were done. As the H protein has the highest antigenic variation [7] and is the most appropriate protein to be monitored to detect genomic changes in CDV [15,30] and the P gene is most conserved within clades of a given CDV lineage [9], molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the H and P genes of the two isolates in Vietnam were studied and compared with those of recently isolated CDV in Japan and other Asian countries. …”