Antigenic Determinants

Kenny, George E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-078401-1.50019-4

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…capricolum, and Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 (serogroup 1) have been shown to share antigens with each other (13,14,22) and with Mycoplasma mycoides (13,14,19), the prototypic Myco-plasma species (which cannot be cultivated in the United States and hence was not represented in our survey.) However, the fact that a species utilizes both arginine and glucose does not necessarily mean that it is a member of serogroup 1, as M. fermentans is phenotypically identical in this respect although it is antigenically unrelated to serogroup 1 (13,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of End Products of the Arginine Dihydrolase Pathway in Both Fermentative and Nonfermentative Mycoplasma Species by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Sjöström¹,

Chen²,

Kenny³

1986

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A total of 22 species of the order Mycoplasmatales, representing eight serologically distinct groups, were tested for the presence of the first two enzymes of the arginine dihydrolase pathway by using two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography to separate end products. Both citrulline, produced by arginine deiminase, and ornithine, produced by ornithine carbamoyltransferase, were found in the glycolytic serogroup 1 species Mycoplasmu putrefaciens, Mycoplasma capricolum, and Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7, in Mycoplasma fermentans (serogroup 6), and in the nonferrnentative serogroup 7 species Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycophsma gallinarum, Mycoplasma gateae, Mycoplasma salivarium, Mycoplasma orale, and Mycoplasma buccale. Citrulline alone was found in one glycolytic species, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (serogroup 4). No end products were found in six other fermentative Mycoplasma species, in three Acholeplasma species, or in two Ureaplasma urealyticum serovars. The use of radiolabeled substrate with representative species showed that citrulline and ornithine were produced from arginine and not derived from the medium.The genus Mycoplasma is taxonomically unusual in that, unlike most bacterial genera (23), it includes both fermentative and nonfermentative species (19). Most Mycoplasma species which do not ferment glucose reportedly metabolize arginine via the arginine dihydrolase pathway (6). A few species metabolize both glucose and arginine, while even fewer seem to use neither substrate (4, 19). The microbial arginine dihydrolase pathway involves three enzyme reactions; arginine is converted into citrulline and ammonia by arginine deiminase, and this is followed by conversion of citrulline plus phosphate ion into ornithine and carbamyl phosphate by catabolic ornithine carbamolytransferase. Finally, a phosphate group is transferred from carbamyl phosphate to adenosine diphosphate (to form adenosine triphosphate) with the concomitant release of carbon dioxide and almmonia by carbamate kinase (1). The arginine dihydrolase pathway is usually detected by observation of an alkaline shift in the pH of medium containing added arginine (2, 4). This elevation of the pH is caused by the release of 2 mol of WH3 when 1 mol of arginine is converted via citrulline to ornithine, NH3, and COZ. In species which use both glucose and arginine, such as Mycoplasma fermentans (9, the pH change is unpredictable because of competition between acid production from sugar fermentation and NH3 release from arginine (2). Therefore, specific detection of the reaction products, citrulline and ornithine, may be necessary to show that the arginine dihydrolase pathway is present. Detection of citrulline is especially important, because the production of citrulline from arginine is unique to the arginine dihydrolase pathway, whereas ornithine may arise from arginine by other pathways, including the arginase and arginine transamidinase pathways (1). Both arginine deiminase and ornithine carbamoyltransferase activities have been documente...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We studied 26 strains, representing not only 22 species in the Mycoplasmatales but also eight serological clusters as defined by Kenny (13,14) (Table 1). The organisms were grown.…”

Section: Preparation Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of End Products of the Arginine Dihydrolase Pathway in Both Fermentative and Nonfermentative Mycoplasma Species by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Sjöström¹,

Chen²,

Kenny³

1986

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…The precise nature of this apparent association between medium components and U. urealyticum is not clear. Contamination of washed mycoplasmal cells with serum proteins from culture medium is a frequent problem in the preparation of specific mycoplasma antisera (Kenny, 1979). Although co-precipitation of specific serum proteins with mycoplasmal cells during preparative centrifugation can contribute to this problem (Yaguzhinskaya, 1976), selective associations of cells with some proteins might occur during cultivation (Wise, Cassell and Acton, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement-mediated Killing of Ureaplasma Urealyticum by Antibody Directed Against Components of the Growth Medium

Lin¹

1982

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. Many strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum were inactivated, in the presence of complement, by a control antiserum prepared in guinea-pigs against the uninfected culture medium used to grow ureaplasmas. This mycoplasmacidal activity of the control serum, unlike that of the specific antisera prepared against the organisms themselves, was removed by treatment with dithiothreitol or by absorption with the horse-serum component of the medium, suggesting that the activity was due to an antibody of the IgM class acting on horse-serum proteins that had become associated with the surface of the ureaplasmas. The mycoplasmacidal activity in the specific ureaplasma antisera appeared to be due mainly to antibody of the IgG class. A similar complement-dependent mycoplasmacidal antibody to U . urealyticum, apparently active against serum components, was present in normal rabbit sera.

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“…In these experiments, cells harvested at early growth phase exhibited greater expression of antigenic determinants on the surface membrane than at later stages as detected by immunoabsorption and surface iodination (36). The use of a dialysate medium prepared from soy peptone and fresh yeast alle viates the problem of medium contamination for many mycoplasmas (42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medium containing high percentages of serum, yeast extract and peptone, and small yield of mycoplasmas in such medium were factors attributed to the problem (42). Growth medium composition and the harvesting stage of the growth cycle had a profound effect on the expression of antigenic determinants on the membrane surface of A.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between Mycoplasma bovoculi strains by electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques: identification of membrane proteins involved in adherence

Salih

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Antigenic Determinants

Cited by 21 publications

References 143 publications

Detection of End Products of the Arginine Dihydrolase Pathway in Both Fermentative and Nonfermentative Mycoplasma Species by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Detection of End Products of the Arginine Dihydrolase Pathway in Both Fermentative and Nonfermentative Mycoplasma Species by Thin-Layer Chromatography

Complement-mediated Killing of Ureaplasma Urealyticum by Antibody Directed Against Components of the Growth Medium

Comparison between Mycoplasma bovoculi strains by electrophoretic and immunoblotting techniques: identification of membrane proteins involved in adherence

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