Antigenic and virological properties of an H3N2 variant that continues to dominate the 2021–22 Northern Hemisphere influenza season

Bolton, Marcus J.; Ort, Jordan T.; McBride, Ryan; Swanson, Nicholas J; Wilson, Jo; Awofolaju, Moses; Furey, Colleen; Greenplate, Allison R.; Drapeau, Elizabeth M.; Pekosz, Andrew; Paulson, James C.; Hensley, Scott E.

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110897

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Of 327 eligible specimens collected during the analysis period, 42 (13%) tested positive for influenza virus and all were A(H3N2) (Figure). Of the A(H3N2) viruses genetically characterised in Canada, all were clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2, related to the upcoming northern hemisphere 2022/23 vaccine strain [5], but considered antigenically distinct from the 2021/22 clade 3C.2a1b.2a.1 vaccine [2,9]. Participant profiles stratified by case and vaccine status are displayed in Table 1.…”

Section: Epidemiological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) during the delayed 2021/22 epidemic in Canada

et al. 2022

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Influenza virus circulation virtually ceased in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic, re-emerging with the relaxation of restrictions in spring 2022. Using a test-negative design, the Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network reports 2021/22 vaccine effectiveness of 36% (95% CI: −38 to 71) against late-season illness due to influenza A(H3N2) clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 viruses, considered antigenically distinct from the 3C.2a1b.2a.1 vaccine strain. Findings reinforce the World Health Organization’s decision to update the 2022/23 northern hemisphere vaccine to a more representative A(H3N2) clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2 strain.

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Section: Epidemiological Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) during the delayed 2021/22 epidemic in Canada

et al. 2022

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“…The recent emergence of L194P incompatibility suggests that the preference of egg-adaptive mutation has been evolving. To understand the preference of egg-adaptation in recent human H3N2 strains, we analyzed the HA sequences of 72 egg-passaged H3N2 strains from years 2019 to 2021, which belong to antigenically distinct clades [22][23][24]. By comparing the HA sequences between the egg-passaged strains and their non-egg-passaged counterparts, we observed that egg-adaptive mutations often emerged at residues 160,186,190,194 The locations of T160 and Y98 are shown in grey [17].…”

Section: Egg-adaptation Preference Is Clade Dependentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the antigenic effects of D186N and D225G in clade 3C.2a1b.2a2 remain to be explored. Given that different egg-adaptive mutations can have different antigenic effects [5,8,9,12,15,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], systematic characterization of individual egg-adaptive mutations is critical for the selection of vaccine seed strains with minimal antigenic change. Nevertheless, eggbased influenza vaccine production is an 80-year-old technology that needs to be replaced by more advanced alternatives.…”

Section: And S4 Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Egg-adaptive mutations of human influenza H3N2 virus are contingent on natural evolution

et al. 2022

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Egg-adaptive mutations in influenza hemagglutinin (HA) often emerge during the production of egg-based seasonal influenza vaccines, which contribute to the largest share in the global influenza vaccine market. While some egg-adaptive mutations have minimal impact on the HA antigenicity (e.g. G186V), others can alter it (e.g. L194P). Here, we show that the preference of egg-adaptive mutation in human H3N2 HA is strain-dependent. In particular, Thr160 and Asn190, which are found in many recent H3N2 strains, restrict the emergence of L194P but not G186V. Our results further suggest that natural amino acid variants at other HA residues also play a role in determining the preference of egg-adaptive mutation. Consistently, recent human H3N2 strains from different clades acquire different mutations during egg passaging. Overall, these results demonstrate that natural mutations in human H3N2 HA can influence the preference of egg-adaptation mutation, which has important implications in seed strain selection for egg-based influenza vaccine.

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“…Clearly based on the seriousness of the virus, practical, accurate and sensitive diagnostic techniques are needed. [10] Since standard diagnostic methods like polymerase chain reaction or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are time consuming and needed specialized personnel, practical and rapid tests become important. On the other hand, considering different antiviral sensitivity and subtype variations of these strains, more sensitive, specific and easily adaptable tests become essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Gold Hybrid Nanomaterial Based Impedimetric Immunosensor for H3N2 Influenza A Virus Detection

Büyüksünetçi

Anık

2022

ChemistrySelect

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H3N2, known as "swine flu" is a kind of influenza A virus that can also infect humans. Therefore, rapid, practical and accurate techniques for H3N2 detection is needed. In this study, we fabricate Graphene-gold hybrid nanomaterial modified hemagglutinin-3 antibody (anti-H3) based electrochemical immunosensor for practical, sensitive, and selective detection of H3N2 virus. The specific interaction between anti-H3 and H3 protein on H3N2 virus was monitored with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After experimental parameters were optimized, analytical characteristics were searched. A linearity in the range of 1.0-17.5 μg/mL with limit of detection value of 1.01 μg/mL were obtained for the virus. Relative standard deviation value was found as 4.60 % for 15 μg/mL H3N2 virus (n = 3). By using synthetic saliva solution that was supplemented with the virus, matrix effect was also investigated. Lastly, the selectivity of developed anti-H3 based electrochemical influenza A immunosensor was investigated by applying it for H1N1 virus detection.

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Antigenic and virological properties of an H3N2 variant that continues to dominate the 2021–22 Northern Hemisphere influenza season

Cited by 30 publications

References 18 publications

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) during the delayed 2021/22 epidemic in Canada

Influenza vaccine effectiveness against A(H3N2) during the delayed 2021/22 epidemic in Canada

Egg-adaptive mutations of human influenza H3N2 virus are contingent on natural evolution

Graphene‐Gold Hybrid Nanomaterial Based Impedimetric Immunosensor for H3N2 Influenza A Virus Detection

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