Antigenic and Genetic Characterization of Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Viruses Isolated from Pneumonia Patients in The Netherlands

Rimmelzwaan, G.F.; Jong, J.C. de; Bestebroer, Theo M.; Loon, Anton M. van; Claas, Eric C. J.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.; Osterhaus, A. D. M. E.

doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0810

Cited by 44 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Pigs may also support the adaptation of avian influenza viruses to mammalian hosts without exchanging gene segments by acquiring human virus-like receptor properties (22). To examine whether pigs are susceptible to infection by the H6N5 avian influenza isolate (A/AB/Kor/CN5/09), we experimentally infected pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Mammalian Species-Infectious and -Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N5 Virus with No Evidence of Adaptation

Nam

Kim

Song

et al. 2011

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The migratory waterfowl of the world are considered to be the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses. Of the 16 hemagglutinin subtypes of avian influenza viruses, the H6 subtype is commonly perpetuated in its natural hosts and is of concern due to its potential to be a precursor of highly pathogenic influenza viruses by reassortment. During routine influenza surveillance, we isolated an unconventional H6N5 subtype of avian influenza virus. Experimental infection of mice revealed that this isolate replicated efficiently in the lungs, subsequently spread systemically, and caused lethality. The isolate also productively infected ferrets, with direct evidence of contact transmission, but no disease or transmission was seen in pigs. Although the isolate possessed the conserved receptor-binding site sequences of avian influenza viruses, it exhibited relatively low replication efficiencies in ducks and chickens. Our genetic and molecular analyses of the isolate revealed that its PB1 sequence showed the highest evolutionary relationship to those of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses and that its PA protein had an isoleucine residue at position 97 (a representative virulence marker). Further studies will be required to examine why our isolate has the virologic characteristics of mammalian influenza viruses but the archetypal receptor binding profiles of avian influenza viruses, as well as to determine whether its potential virulence markers (PB1 analogous to those of H5N1 viruses or isoleucine residue at position 97 within PA) could render it highly pathogenic in mice.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Mammalian Species-Infectious and -Pathogenic Avian Influenza H6N5 Virus with No Evidence of Adaptation

Nam

Kim

Song

et al. 2011

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In 1999, viruses of a triple reassortment genotype were isolated that had acquired two further H3 molecules from virus circulating in the human population (72). In addition to further reassortment with human viruses, reassortment of with classical swine H1N1 viruses has been documented (1,52,56). These reassortment viruses were H1N2 viruses containing seven genes from H3N2 viruses and the HA from the classical swine H1N1 viruses (33,72).…”

Section: Hosts and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of swine influenza

Kothalawala

Toussaint

Gruys

2006

Veterinary Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Since 1918, there have been many examples of both H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza A virus strains becoming established in swine (Castrucci et al, 1993;Brown et al, 1998;Zhou et al, 2000). Unfortunately for the argument that swine might have served as the intermediate between avian and humans in 1918, swine influenza virus strains have been isolated only sporadically from humans (Gaydos et al, 1977;Woods et al, 1981;Rimmelzwaan et al, 2001). It seems probable that at least during the height of the 1918 pandemic, the direction of transmission was from humans to pigs.…”

Section: Involvement Of An Intermediate Host In 1918?mentioning

confidence: 99%