Antigen tests for COVID-19

Kyosei, Yuta; Yamura, Sou; Namba, Mayuri; Yoshimura, Teizo; Watabe, Shigeo; Ito, Etsuro

doi:10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.004

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Measurements of GRP78 in exosomes were performed with the ultrasensitive thio-NAD cycling ELISA [ 19 , 20 ]. This ELISA is coupled with a thio-NAD cycling reaction, and thus the signal obtained from a sandwich ELISA using a primary and secondary antibody is amplified by the thio-NAD cycling reaction [ 21 , 22 ] ( Figure 1 A). For ultrasensitive detection of GRP78, we used a GRP78 ELISA kit (Human HSPA5/GRP78/BiP (sandwich ELISA) ELISA Kit; LS-F11578, LifeSpan Biosciences, Seattle, WA, USA) and thio-NAD cycling.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Detection of GRP78 in Exosomes and Observation of Migration and Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Application of GRP78-Containing Exosomes

Tsurusawa

Iha

Sato

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Cancer cells communicate with each other via exosomes in the tumor microenvironment. However, measuring trace amounts of proteins in exosomes is difficult, and thus the cancer stemness-promoting mechanisms of exosomal proteins have not been elucidated. In the present study, we attempted to quantify trace amounts of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which is involved in cancer progression, in exosomes released from cultured gastric cancer cells using an ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thio-NAD cycling. We also evaluated the cancer stemness-promoting effects by the application of high-GRP78-containing exosomes to cultured gastric cancer cells. The ultrasensitive ELISA enabled the detection of GRP78 at a limit of detection of 0.16 pg/mL. The stemness of cancer cultured cells incubated with high-GRP78-containing exosomes obtained from GRP78-overexpressed cells was increased on the basis of both an MTT assay and a wound healing assay. Our results demonstrated that the ultrasensitive ELISA has strong potential to measure trace amounts of proteins in exosomes. Further, exosomes with a high concentration of GRP78 promote the cancer stemness of surrounding cells. The technique for quantifying proteins in exosomes described here will advance our understanding of cancer stemness progression via exosomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasensitive Detection of GRP78 in Exosomes and Observation of Migration and Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Application of GRP78-Containing Exosomes

Tsurusawa

Iha

Sato

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Among infectious diseases, we now face threats from COVID-19. To detect SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, its two major proteins were recently detected using the ultrasensitive ELISA with thio-NAD cycling [ 74 ]. One of the two proteins is a spike protein [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Section: An Ultrasensitive Elisa Combined With Thio-nad Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis

Tsurusawa

Chang

Namba

et al. 2021

JCM

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can be used for quantitative measurement of proteins, and improving the detection sensitivity to the ultrasensitive level would facilitate the diagnosis of various diseases. In the present review article, we first define the term ‘ultrasensitive’. We follow this with a survey and discussion of the current literature regarding modified ELISA methods with ultrasensitive detection and their application for diagnosis. Finally, we introduce our own newly devised system for ultrasensitive ELISA combined with thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cycling and its application for the diagnosis of infectious diseases and lifestyle-related diseases. The aim of the present article is to expand the application of ultrasensitive ELISAs in the medical and biological fields.

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“…To enable the better management of patients and implementation of proactive steps to limit transmission rates, timely identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection in affected patients is essential [ 2 ]. Several COVID-19 testing methods have been developed to diagnose the disease, including the polymerase chain reaction test (PCR) [ 2 ], antigen-based tests [ 3 ], and serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ 4 ]. However, while the PCR is the most accurate and frequently used as a benchmark against which other tests are measured, it has certain drawbacks, including being time-consuming [ 5 ] and being a sample-dependent method with a high false-negative ratio [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning Framework for Detecting COVID-19 Infection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

et al. 2022

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In this study, we explored machine learning approaches for predictive diagnosis using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), applied to the detection of COVID-19 infection in biological samples. To do this, we utilized SERS data collected from 20 patients at the University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine. As a preprocessing step, the positive-negative labels are obtained using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing. First, we compared the performance of linear and nonlinear dimensionality techniques for projecting the high-dimensional Raman spectra to a low-dimensional space where a smaller number of variables defines each sample. The appropriate number of reduced features used was obtained by comparing the mean accuracy from a 10-fold cross-validation. Finally, we employed Gaussian process (GP) classification, a probabilistic machine learning approach, to correctly predict the occurrence of a negative or positive sample as a function of the low-dimensional space variables. As opposed to providing rigid class labels, the GP classifier provides a probability (ranging from zero to one) that a given sample is positive or negative. In practice, the proposed framework can be used to provide high-throughput rapid testing, and a follow-up PCR can be used for confirmation in cases where the model’s uncertainty is unacceptably high.

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Antigen tests for COVID-19

Cited by 25 publications

References 111 publications

Ultrasensitive Detection of GRP78 in Exosomes and Observation of Migration and Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Application of GRP78-Containing Exosomes

Ultrasensitive Detection of GRP78 in Exosomes and Observation of Migration and Proliferation of Cancer Cells by Application of GRP78-Containing Exosomes

Modified ELISA for Ultrasensitive Diagnosis

A Machine Learning Framework for Detecting COVID-19 Infection Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

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