Antigen-presenting cells under the influence of alcohol

Processing and presentation of (pro)‐insulin in the MHC class II pathway: the generation of antigen‐based immunomodulators in the context of type 1 diabetes mellitus

“…If this is achievable, autoantigen-derived prAPL can antigen-specifically restore the imbalance between autoreactive T cells and Treg cells in autoimmune diseases. TGF-β1 production was also demonstrated to be non-specifically induced in human monocytes upon treatment with ethanol [138,139]. In the case of ethanol, however, it is well known that ethanol increases the susceptibility of infection and other side effects and might be therefore not suitable for a therapeutic aspect.…”

Previous Ingestion ofLactococcus lactisby Ethanol-Treated Mice Preserves Antigen Presentation Hierarchy in the Gut and Oral Tolerance Susceptibility

“…It is well known that alcohol consumption is able to trigger inflammatory effects on gastrointestinal tract interfering with mucosal homeostasis (Andrade et al, 2006;Cook, 1998;Coombes and Maloy, 2007;Lau et al, 2008;Watson et al, 1994). Previous reports from our group demonstrated that high-dose ethanol (EtOH) administration is able to induce an allergic-type inflammatory response in function of enhanced levels of seric IgE, high levels of gastric interleukin (IL)-4 and increased IL-4 synthesis by splenic T cells after in vitro unspecific stimulus (concanavalin A) (Andrade et al, 2006(Andrade et al, , 2008(Andrade et al, , 2009).…”

Aliphatic alcohols in spirits inhibit phagocytosis by human monocytes

“…In addition to effects on the liver, gastrointestinal, nervous, and cardiovascular systems, acute and chronic alcohol consumption has been found to cause numerous immunotoxic effects including decreased antigen-specific T-lymphocyte activation and proliferation, changes in T-lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and B-lymphocyte immunoglobulin production, and reduced granulocyte chemotactic and phagocytic activities [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] . Consequently, alcohol abuse has been associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections and higher morbidity and mortality from a number of infectious diseases including tuberculosis, pneumonia, human immunodeficiency virus-1, and hepatitis C infections 17,26,28 .…”

“…They play a pivotal role in phagocytosis and killing of invading pathogenic microorganisms, moreover monocyte-derived macrophages are the most significant cells responsible for the engulfment and clearance of apoptotic cells 29,31 . Defects in monocyte functions have been proposed to contribute to the impaired anti-microbial defences noted in alcoholics 17,19,22,[25][26][27] . It has been reported that ethanol can suppress monocyte phagocytosis 22,25,32,33 .…”

“…Defects in monocyte functions have been proposed to contribute to the impaired anti-microbial defences noted in alcoholics 17,19,22,[25][26][27] . It has been reported that ethanol can suppress monocyte phagocytosis 22,25,32,33 . Although the consequences of the ethanol consumption are sufficient to cause concern for public health, less attention has been paid to the possible immunotoxic effects of the higher alcohols found in alcoholic beverages.…”