Abstract:Statistical associations between particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and susceptibility to - or protection from - autoimmune diseases have been long observed. Allele-specific antigen presentation (AP) has been widely proposed as a culprit mechanism; however, direct evidence to substantiate that hypothesis is scant. Here we demonstrate AP-independent differential macrophage activation by HLA-DRB1 alleles known to associate with autoimmune disease risk or protection with resultant polarization of pr… Show more
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