Antigen detection and apoptosis in Mongolian gerbil’s kidney experimentally intraperitoneally infected by swine hepatitis E virus

Soomro, Majid Hussain; Shi, Ruihan; She, Ruiping; Yang, Yali; Hu, Fang; Li, Heng

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.012

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Thus, HEV might also be directly nephrotoxic. In line with this observation, swine HEV antigen could be detected in experimentally infected gerbils [25].…”

Section: Renal Manifestationsupporting

confidence: 77%

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Hepatitis E virus: Infection beyond the liver?

Pischke

Hartl

Pas

et al. 2017

Journal of Hepatology

199

182

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“…Thus, HEV might also be directly nephrotoxic. In line with this observation, swine HEV antigen could be detected in experimentally infected gerbils [25].…”

Section: Renal Manifestationsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…1B). Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that extrahepatic HEV replication has been demonstrated, and HEV has been detected in various tissues (Table 2) [24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Furthermore, swine HEV could be detected in intestine, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, and kidney [31].…”

Section: Potential Pathogenesis Of Hev-induced Extrahepatic Manifestamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E virus: Infection beyond the liver?

Pischke

Hartl

Pas

et al. 2017

Journal of Hepatology

199

182

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“…accordance with the previous literature reports, HEV antigens and HEV RNA have been detected in liver and extrahepatic tissues such as brain, spinal cord, peripheral blood monocytes, spleen, pancreas, lung, lymph node, kidney, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, placenta and urine causing pathogenesis like acute pancreatitis and neurological, musculoskeletal, haematological, renal and other immune-mediated manifestations in infected organs. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In addition to above reports, a few case studies also indicated the detection of swine HEV antigen in extrahepatic tissues. 15,16 Several studies have been conducted on the presence of microbes in genital system, especially male testicles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The hepatocytes in the liver are the primary replication site for HEV, however; its expression and replication in extrahepatic tissues has also been documented . The detection and expression of HEV RNA complement in the extrahepatic tissues suggest that these cells allow the HEV to replicate and are target of virus producing extrahepatic manifestations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hepatocytes in the liver are the primary replication site for HEV, 25 however; its expression and replication in extrahepatic tissues has also been documented. [11][12][13][14]26,27 The detection and expression of HEV RNA complement in the extrahepatic tissues suggest that these cells allow the HEV to replicate and are target of virus producing extrahepatic manifestations. [13][14][15][26][27][28][29][30] In this context, the present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of hepatitis E virus dynamics and presence of antigen in testis through an experimental infection trial in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular and structural changes related to hepatitis E virus antigen and its expression in testis inducing apoptosis in Mongolian gerbil model

Soomro

Shi²,

She³

et al. 2017

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been associated with a wide range of extrahepatic manifestations, so this study was designed to examine the effect and role of HEV on structural and molecular changes in the testicular tissues of Mongolian gerbils experimentally infected with swine HEV. HEV RNA was first detected in testis at 14 days post-inoculation and reached a peak between 28 and 42 days later with viral load between 3.12 and 6.23 logs/g by PCR assays. Changes including vacuolation, sloughing of germ cells, formation of multinuclear giant cells, degeneration, necrosis of tubules and damaged blood-testis barrier were observed through transmission electron microscopy. HEV ORF2 antigen was detected in the sperm cell cytoplasm along with decrease in relative protein of zonula occludens-1 through immunohistochemistry. HEV ORF3 antigen and ZO-1 protein were detectable by Western blotting. Lower (P<.05) serum testosterone and higher (P<.05) blood urea nitrogen level was observed in inoculated Mongolian gerbils. Likewise, increased (P<.05) germ cell apoptosis rate was detected with significant increased expression of Fas-L and Fas in HEV-inoculated groups at each time points. Up-regulation (P<.05 or P<.01) in mRNA level of Fas-L, Fas, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was observed in HEV RNA-positive testes. Our study demonstrated that after experimental inoculation, HEV can be detected in testis tissues and viral proteins produce structural and molecular changes that in turn disrupt the blood-testis barrier and induce germ cell apoptosis.

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Model systems for studying extrahepatic pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus. Current knowledge and future directions

El‐Mokhtar

Sayed

2021

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Summary Hepatitis E Virus is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis globally. HEV infection is endemic in developing countries. Also, autochthonous and sporadic cases are reported in developed countries. HEV causes acute and chronic infections. Besides, extrahepatic manifestations including neurological, renal, haematological, acute pancreatitis and complications during pregnancy are associated with HEV infections. The pathogenesis of HEV in the extrahepatic tissues is either due to direct cytopathic effect mediated by the virus replication, or immunological mechanisms caused by an uncontrollable host response. Researchers have used different in vivo and in vitro models to study the pathogenesis of HEV in the extrahepatic tissues and analyse the host immune response against HEV infection. This review highlights the extrahepatic disorders associated with HEV infection. We focused on the in vivo and in vitro models as a tool for elucidating the HEV infection beyond the liver and studying the mechanisms of HEV induced tissue damages.

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Antigen detection and apoptosis in Mongolian gerbil’s kidney experimentally intraperitoneally infected by swine hepatitis E virus

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Hepatitis E virus: Infection beyond the liver?

Hepatitis E virus: Infection beyond the liver?

Molecular and structural changes related to hepatitis E virus antigen and its expression in testis inducing apoptosis in Mongolian gerbil model

Model systems for studying extrahepatic pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus. Current knowledge and future directions

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