Antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolated from cutaneous candidiasis patients in eastern Guangdong region: A retrospective study of the past 10 years

Abstract

Cutaneous candidiasis is one of the most prevalent mycotic infections caused by Candida species. The severity of infection mounts faster when the species shows antifungal resistance. In the current retrospective study, we aimed to analyze the occurrence, causes of cutaneous candidiasis, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates from Skin and Venereal Diseases Prevention and Control Hospital of Shantou, located in eastern Guangdong, China. The laboratory data of all patients (n = 3,113) suffering from various skin and venereal infections during January 2012 to December 2021 was analyzed through Excel and GraphPad prism. Our analysis indicate that cutaneous candidiasis was 22.29% (n = 694), of which 78.53% (n = 554) of patients were males and 21.47% (n = 149) of patients were females. The median age of patients with cutaneous candidiasis was 38-year [interquartile range (30–48)]. Most cases occurred in the adult age group (19–50 years). Regarding the species type, the Candida albicans were prominently detected (n = 664, 95.68%), while non-C. albicans were found only in 30 (4.32%) patients, which were C. glabrata (n = 18), C. krusei (n = 8), C. tropicalis (n = 3), and C. parapsilosis (n = 1). The C. albicans susceptibility rate for terbinafine, miconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, nystatin, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B were 10.83, 29.32, 59.39, 78.53, 85.28, 87.75, 99.59, 99.41, and 100%, respectively. Finally, all C. glabrata isolates were found susceptible to all tested azole drugs with exception to miconazole against which 8.33% of isolates showed resistance. The findings of this study will help healthcare officials to establish better antifungal stewardship in the region.

Distribution and antifungal susceptibility profiles of candida species isolated from dermatomycosis patients

“…36 Previous studies have reported C. albicans as the most common cause of candidiasis, while C. glabrata and other species such as C. tropicalis and C. krusei as important pathogens. 37,38 The most commonly isolated species in our study are C. glabrata, C. guillermondii, and C. albicans.…”

Antifungal Resistance Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence Factor Production in Candida krusei Isolates From HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon

“…In the present study, a high frequency of C. krusei was reported in female patients (80.89%) compared to male patients (10.21%). This difference may be attributed to anatomical differences such as short urethra and proximity to the anus in females, and exposure to contamination among female and male populations [ 23 , 24 ]. Our results showed that C. krusei was most frequently isolated from stool samples in HIV-positive patients.…”

Potential Strategies to Control the Risk of Antifungal Resistance in Humans: A Comprehensive Review

“…For instance, recent studies estimated ~300,000 cases of invasive Aspergillosis , 750,000 cases of Candidiasis , and more than 900,000 cases of Mucormycosis infection annually [ 6 , 7 ]. Additionally, the emergence of antifungal drug resistance in susceptible pathogens (the ubiquitous mould Aspergillus fumigatus ) and novel fungal species resistance to multiple antifungal drugs (for example, the yeast Candida auris ) are alarming critical concerns to human health worldwide [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The inaccessibility of efficient therapeutics against such fungal infections and the gain of resistance in fungi against antifungal agents is, therefore, contributing a hindrance to eradicating fungal infection while increasing the mortality rate [ 12 ].…”