Antifungal susceptibility of South African oral yeast isolates from HIV/AIDS patients and healthy individuals

Blignaut, E; Messer, S. A.; Hollis, Richard J.; Pfaller, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(02)00440-6

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…CarrilloMunoz reported the nystatin MIC 90 values for 55 C. albicans and 11 C. glabrata clinical isolates as 2 g/ml and 4 g/ml, respectively (5). The nystatin MICs for 589 oral yeast isolates from South African human immunodeficiency virus patients and healthy individuals ranged from 2 to 16 g/ml with an MIC 90 of 8 g/ml for 466 C. albicans isolates (4). These values are similar to the nystatin MIC 90 of 4 g/ml for the isolates tested in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Causing Vulvovaginitis and Epidemiology of Recurrent Cases

Richter¹,

Galask

Messer³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

383

281

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There are limited data regarding the antifungal susceptibility of yeast causing vulvovaginal candidiasis, since cultures are rarely performed. Susceptibility testing was performed on vaginal yeast isolates collected from January 1998 to March 2001 from 429 patients with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis. The charts of 84 patients with multiple positive cultures were reviewed. The 593 yeast isolates were Candida albicans (n ‫؍‬ 420), Candida glabrata (n ‫؍‬ 112), Candida parapsilosis (n ‫؍‬ 30), Candida krusei (n ‫؍‬ 12), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (n ‫؍‬ 9), Candida tropicalis (n ‫؍‬ 8), Candida lusitaniae (n ‫؍‬ 1), and Trichosporon sp. (n ‫؍‬ 1). Multiple species suggesting mixed infection were isolated from 27 cultures. Resistance to fluconazole and flucytosine was observed infrequently (3.7% and 3.0%); 16.2% of isolates were resistant to itraconazole (MIC > 1 g/ml). The four imidazoles (econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole) were active: 94.3 to 98.5% were susceptible at <1 g/ml. Among different species, elevated fluconazole MICs (>16 g/ml) were only observed in C. glabrata (15.2% resistant [R], 51.8% susceptible-dose dependent [S-DD]), C. parapsilosis (3.3% S-DD), S. cerevisiae (11.1% S-DD), and C. krusei (50% S-DD, 41.7% R, considered intrinsically fluconazole resistant). Resistance to itraconazole was observed among C. glabrata (74.1%), C. krusei (58.3%), S. cerevisiae (55.6%), and C. parapsilosis (3.4%). Among 84 patients with recurrent episodes, non-albicans species were more common (42% versus 20%). A >4-fold rise in fluconazole MIC was observed in only one patient with C. parapsilosis. These results support the use of azoles for empirical therapy of uncomplicated candidal vulvovaginitis. Recurrent episodes are more often caused by non-albicans species, for which azole agents are less likely to be effective.Limited data addressing the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis suggest approximately two-thirds of women experience at least one episode during their lifetime and nearly 50% of women have multiple episodes (3, 12). The majority of cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis are caused by Candida albicans; however, episodes due to non-albicans species of Candida appear to be increasing (15,22,29). Most non-albicans Candida species have higher azole MICs, and infections they cause are often difficult to treat (10,20,21,26).A possible explanation for more frequent isolation of nonalbicans species from vulvovaginitis patients may be the increased use of topical azole agents-available as over-thecounter preparations in the United States since 1992 (14, 24). Patients who see a physician usually receive empirical therapy; vaginal cultures are not routinely obtained, and susceptibility testing is rarely performed.Surveillance programs for candidemia have demonstrated that fluconazole resistance among C. albicans bloodstream isolates is rare (Յ1%) (16). The majority of studies analyzing yeast isolates from vulvovaginitis patients have also shown the recovery of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isola...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Causing Vulvovaginitis and Epidemiology of Recurrent Cases

Richter¹,

Galask

Messer³

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

383

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Susceptibility testing was performed with a customized microtiter plate available from Trek Diagnostics (Cleveland, OH). Susceptibility testing was conducted according to the manufacturer's instructions, which comply with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines outlined in document M27-A3 (3,4). The agents included in the susceptibility testing plates included amphotericin B (0.06 to 8 g/ml), fluconazole (0.12 to 256 g/ml), voriconazole (0.008 to 16 g/ml), posaconazole (0.03 to 64 g/ml), caspofungin (0.008 to 16 g/ml), and micafungin (0.008 to 16 g/ml).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agents included in the susceptibility testing plates included amphotericin B (0.06 to 8 g/ml), fluconazole (0.12 to 256 g/ml), voriconazole (0.008 to 16 g/ml), posaconazole (0.03 to 64 g/ml), caspofungin (0.008 to 16 g/ml), and micafungin (0.008 to 16 g/ml). For fluconazole and voriconazole, the MIC was determined by measurement of the concentration which resulted in a 50% reduction of growth after 24 h of incubation (3). For the echinocandins, the MIC was determined by detection of a significant reduction in growth after 24 h of incubation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida Isolates from the Candida Surveillance Study

et al. 2010

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Candida species are a common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections. Recent surveillance has shown an increase in the relative proportion of infections caused by Candida glabrata, which has reduced susceptibility to fluconazole. We undertook sentinel surveillance with antifungal susceptibility testing to monitor the trends in the proportions of various Candida species causing invasive disease. Forty-one institutions participated in the Candida Surveillance Study. All isolates were submitted to a central laboratory for identification and susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was performed in compliance with CLSI guidelines using a custom, broth dilution, microtiter system. There were 5,900 isolates submitted for identification and antifungal susceptibility testing. The distribution of species was as follows: C. albicans, 2,567 (43.5%) isolates; C. glabrata

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“…The number of available antifungal drugs is limited, and the development of drug resistance occurs frequently. [1,2] Research towards the discovery of new and effective antifungal drugs is thus urgently needed. Endophytic fungi grow symbiotically within plant living tissues and provide structurally novel and biologically active compounds, [3][4][5][6] some of which are anticancer drugs, for example, paclitaxel (Taxol) and camptothecin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curvularides A–E: Antifungal Hybrid Peptide–Polyketides from the Endophytic Fungus Curvularia geniculata

Chomcheon

Wiyakrutta

Aree

et al. 2010

Chemistry A European J

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Five new hybrid peptide-polyketides, curvularides A-E (1-5), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Curvularia geniculata, which was obtained from the limbs of Catunaregam tomentosa. Structure elucidation for curvularides A-E (1-5) was accomplished by analysis of spectroscopic data, as well as by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Curvularide B (2) exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans, and it also showed synergistic activity with a fluconazole drug.

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Antifungal susceptibility of South African oral yeast isolates from HIV/AIDS patients and healthy individuals

Cited by 48 publications

References 19 publications

Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Causing Vulvovaginitis and Epidemiology of Recurrent Cases

Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida Species Causing Vulvovaginitis and Epidemiology of Recurrent Cases

Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida Isolates from the Candida Surveillance Study

Curvularides A–E: Antifungal Hybrid Peptide–Polyketides from the Endophytic Fungus Curvularia geniculata

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