Antifungal susceptibility of non-albicans Candida spp. isolated from raw milk and human blood in Alborz and Tehran provinces

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Recent reports indicate high prevalence of fungal infections due to non-albicans Candida spp.
 which are present in various environments such as raw milk. The quality of milk for fungal normal flora was investigated in
 this study.
 Materials and Methods: A total of 262 milk samples were collected directly from milk collection tanks indesignated dairy
 farms and cultured in SDA media. By further analysis of grown yeasts, 69 non-albicans Candida strains were identified.
 Antifungal susceptibility of the isolated species, were evaluated against amphotericin B, itraconazole, fluconazole and flucytosine.
 Fifty two non-albicans clinical samples isolated from human blood have been evaluated along.
 Results: Antifungal susceptibility evaluation in non-albicans strains isolated from milk revealed Candida glabrata and
 Candida tropicalis to be 100% sensitive to flucytosine and fluconazole. Candida krusei showed 94% and 80% sensitivity to
 flucytosine and fluconazole respectively. Candida parapsilosis indicated 72.72% sensitivity to fluconazole.
 Conclusion: Evaluation of non-albicans Candida species in raw milk and antifungal susceptibility patterns of these isolatescompare
 with non-albicansisolates from human blood, may help physicians to choose an appropriate medication for diseases
 needing long-term treatment, especially for diseases caused by local strains.

The A756T Mutation of the ERG11 Gene Associated With Resistance to Itraconazole in Candida Krusei Isolated From Mycotic Mastitis of Cows

“…Notably, 13 of the 15 C. krusei isolates (73.4%) were also resistant to FLC and KET, 10 of the 15 C. krusei isolates (66.7%) were resistant to flucytosine, and 3 of the 15 isolates (20%) were resistant to amphotericin B. This finding was consistent with a study by Namvar et al (25), but was different from reports by others (8,9,26). Of interest, the rate of resistance to antifungal agents in these C. krusei isolates was lower than our previous findings (12), which might be attributed to the reduction in the use of antifungal drugs during breeding.…”

Phenotypic and Genotypic Investigation of Yeast Species Associated with Bovine Subclinical Mastitis with a Special Reference to their Virulence Characteristics

“…In the current study, the most identified yeast species were C. krusei and C. parapsilosis complex (17.8 and 14.4%, respectively) followed by C. tropicalis, C. kefyr, C. rugosa, and T. asahii (10, 8.9, 8.9, and 6.7%, respectively). These results resembled that of Du et al (2018) and Namvar et al (2020) who reported that Candida spp. other than C. albicans played a pathogenic role in cow's mycotic mastitis.…”

“…C. krusei was the predominant species isolated and C. parapsilosis was the second most frequent Candida in their study. Nearly similar results of C. krusei (18.18; 17.4 and 19.8%) were also reported by Ruz-Peres et al (2010), Erbas et al (2017 and Namvar et al (2020), respectively. Considering C. parapsilosis complex, many studies have described their isolation from milk samples with varied frequencies from 0.57 up to 25.4% and reached to 33.4 % in recent study, depending on the sanitary condition and environmental factors (Zaragoza et al 2011;Sartori et al 2014;ErbaŞ et al 2017;Akdouche et al 2018;Hussein et al 2019).…”

“…Noteworthy, neither C. albicans nor C. glabrata were identified among the identified yeast isolates as single yeast infection. Likewise, similar results were also recorded in previous studies (Zaragoza et al 2011;ErbaŞ et al 2017;Du et al 2018;Namvar et al 2020); they couldn't isolate C. albicans from milk samples collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. This could be explained to some extent to the presence of a greater number of bacteria competing for substrates in subclinical mastitis.…”