Antifungal susceptibility of clinically significant candida species by disk diffusion method

Edula, Ajitha Reddy

doi:10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.017

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“… 90 Likewise, related studies also reported a comparable prevalence to our findings. 91 , 92 In contrast to our study, which showed that C. glabrata is the most predominant non– albicans (NAC) species, a study reported that C. tropicalis was the most prevalent NAC species in clinical isolates obtained from a hospital in Hyderabad. 93 Combining the prevalence of the other unidentified NAC species and the NAC (identified) species, we show that NAC has a greater prevalence than C. albicans , and other studies have corroborated this observation, 94 , 95 making the emergence of NAC species of important concern.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…This indicates that there are diverse Candida species that are harbored in the vagina of women apart from the common species such as C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis , and C. parapsilosis . The significance of this finding is that other unidentified Candida species, such as the recently trending C. dubliniensis , 92 for which resistance to fluconazole has also been identified 96–98 may substitute for C. albicans under favorable conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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A New Variant of Mutational and Polymorphic Signatures in the ERG11 Gene of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans

Odiba¹,

Durojaye²,

Ezeonu³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Resistance to antifungal drugs for treating Candida infections remains a major concern globally despite the range of medications available. Most of these drugs target key proteins essential to the life cycle of the organism. An enzyme essential for fungal cell membrane integrity, lanosterol 14–α demethylase (CYP51), is encoded by the ERG11 gene in Candida species. This enzyme is the target of azole–based drugs. The organism has, however, devised molecular adaptations to evade the activity of these drugs. Materials and Methods Classical methods were employed to characterize clinical isolates sampled from women and dogs of reproductive age. For fluconazole efficacy studies, CLSI guidelines on drug susceptibility testing were used. To understand the susceptibility pattern, various molecular and structural analytic approaches, including sequencing, in silico site-directed mutagenesis, and protein-ligand profiling, were applied to the ERG11 gene and CYP51 protein sequences. Several platforms, comprising Clustal Omega, Pymol plugin manager, Pymol molecular visualizer, Chimera–curated Dynameomics rotamer library, protein–ligand interaction profiler, Charmm36 force field, GROMACS, Geneious, and Mega7, were employed for this analysis. Results The following Candida species distribution was obtained: 37.84% C. albicans , 8.12% C. glabrata , 10.81% C. krusei , 5.41% C. tropicalis , and 37.84% of other unidentified Candida species. Two codons in the nucleotide sequence of the wild-type (CTC and CCA) coding for LEU–370 and PRO–375, respectively, were mutated to L370S and P375H in the resistant strain. The mutation stabilized the protein at the expense of the heme moiety. We found that the susceptible isolate from dogs ( Can–iso–029/dog ) is closely related to the most resistant isolate from humans. Conclusion Taken together, our results showed new mutations in the heme-binding pocket of caCYP51 that explain the resistance to fluconazole exhibited by the Candida isolates. So far, the L370S and P375H resistance-linked mutations have not been previously reported.

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