Antifungal properties of cathelicidin LL-37: current knowledge and future research directions

Memariani, Mojtaba; Memariani, Hamed

doi:10.1007/s11274-023-03852-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 112 publications

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“…Specifically, the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 primarily exerts its fungicidal effect against C. albicans by disrupting the structural integrity of the cell wall and enhancing the permeability of the cell membrane, thereby facilitating the efflux of intracellular components. 21 Furthermore, LL-37 possesses potent immunomodulatory functions that enable it to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory activity. 22 FK13-a1 is a short α-spiral antimicrobial peptide derived from LL-37, consisting of 13 amino acids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH- and Matrix Metalloproteinase-Responsive Multifunctional Bilayer Microneedles Platform for Treatment of Tinea Pedis

Yang,

Pan,

Tian

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Persistent foot odor and itchiness are common symptoms of tinea pedis, significantly disrupting the daily life of those affected. The cuticular barrier at the site of the tinea pedis is thickened, which impedes the effective penetration of antifungal agents. Additionally, fungi can migrate from the skin surface to deeper tissues, posing challenges in the current clinical treatment for tinea pedis. To effectively treat tinea pedis, we developed a platform of bilayer gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microneedles (MNs) loaded with salicylic acid (SA) and FK13-a1 (SA/FK13-a1@GelMA MNs). SA/FK13-a1@GelMA MNs exhibit pH-and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-responsive properties for efficient drug delivery. The MNs are designed to deliver salicylic acid (SA) deep into the stratum corneum, softening the cuticle and creating microchannels. This process enables the antibacterial peptide FK13-a1 to penetrate through the stratum corneum barrier, facilitating intradermal diffusion and exerting antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. In severe cases of tinea pedis, heightened local pH levels and MMP activity further accelerate drug release. Our research demonstrates that SA/FK13-a1@GelMA MNs are highly effective against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans. They also reduced stratum corneum thickness, fungal burden, and inflammation in a guinea pig model of tinea pedis induced by T. mentagrophytes. Furthermore, it was discovered that SA/FK13-a1@GelMA MNs exhibit excellent biocompatibility. These findings suggest that SA/FK13-a1@GelMA MNs have significant potential for the clinical treatment of tinea pedis as well as other fungal skin disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH- and Matrix Metalloproteinase-Responsive Multifunctional Bilayer Microneedles Platform for Treatment of Tinea Pedis

Yang,

Pan,

Tian

et al. 2024

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Anti-Biofilm Effects of Melittin: Lessons Learned and the Path Ahead

Memariani,

Memariani

2024

Int J Pept Res Ther

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Controlling Candida : immune regulation of commensal fungi in the gut

Jensen,

Trujillo,

Hanson

et al. 2024

Infect Immun

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The intestinal microbiome harbors fungi that pose a significant risk to human health as opportunistic pathogens and drivers of inflammation. Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are associated with dysbiotic fungal communities and the expansion of potentially pathogenic fungi. The gut is also the main reservoir for disseminated fungal infections. Immune interactions are critical for preventing commensal fungi from becoming pathogenic. Significant strides have been made in defining innate and adaptive immune pathways that regulate intestinal fungi, and these discoveries have coincided with advancements in our understanding of the fungal molecular pathways and effectors involved in both commensal colonization and pathogenesis within the gut. In this review, we will discuss immune interactions important for regulating commensal fungi, with a focus on how specific cell types and effectors interact with fungi to limit their colonization or pathogenic potential. This will include how innate and adaptive immune pathways target fungi and orchestrate antifungal immune responses, in addition to how secreted immune effectors, such as mucus and antimicrobial peptides, regulate fungal colonization and inhibit pathogenic potential. These immune interactions will be framed around our current understanding of the fungal effectors and pathways regulating colonization and pathogenesis within this niche. Finally, we highlight important unexplored mechanisms by which the immune system regulates commensal fungi in the gut.

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Antifungal properties of cathelicidin LL-37: current knowledge and future research directions

Cited by 3 publications

References 112 publications

pH- and Matrix Metalloproteinase-Responsive Multifunctional Bilayer Microneedles Platform for Treatment of Tinea Pedis

pH- and Matrix Metalloproteinase-Responsive Multifunctional Bilayer Microneedles Platform for Treatment of Tinea Pedis

Anti-Biofilm Effects of Melittin: Lessons Learned and the Path Ahead

Controlling Candida : immune regulation of commensal fungi in the gut

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