Antifungal Potential in Crude Extracts of Five Selected Brown Seaweeds Collected from the Western Libya Coast

Abstract

Seaweeds are one of these marine organisms that has been considered as a source of major metabolites that possess bioactive effects [1]. There are numerous reports of compounds derived from macroalgae with a broad range of biological activities, such as antifungal and antibacterial [2,3]. Investigations of the antibiotic properties of marine algae have focused on the effects of algal extracts on bacteria, with relatively little attention being paid to their potential antifungal properties [4]. M. Kausalya* and G.M. Narasimha Rao (2015) indicated that the presence of active constituents with antimicrobial activity in the extractions of marine algae such as Sargassum polycystum and Sargassum tenerrimum which can be exploited for the production of innovation drugs for the benefit of the humanity [5]. Several investigations have been carried out worldwide. In this respect, in USA, Martin, (1995) tested extracts from macroalgae by spraying on plants and reported a pronounced reduction in the disease incidence of Botrytis cinerea on strawberries, Erysiphe polygonion turnips, and reported that macroalgae, produce various, biologically active compounds [6]. In France, Hellio, et al. (2000) tested antimicrobial potentiality of many seaweed extracts and observed a conspicuous decrease in the development of the fungi tested [7]. In China, Yi, et al. (2001) used ethanol, acetone and methanoltoluene to extract antibiotics from 23 species of marine algae belonging to the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta and revealed that the strongest antifungal activities were exhibited by the ethanol extract but the least were by the methanol-toluene extract [8]. In Pakistan, Khanzada, et al. (2007) screened various fractions of ethanolic extract of Solieria robusta (Rhodophyta) for antifungal activity against five fruit spoiling fungi isolated from fruits and reported that all fractions were able to inhibit fungal growth [9]. Aqueous fraction showed maximum inhibition ratios followed by methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol. In Korea, Kim and Kim, (2008) . Cyclohexanic extracts were almost the most active exhibiting a broad spectrum inhibitory action irrespective to the experimented algal extract or fungal species whereas both acetone and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the lowest antifungal activity. Some algal extracts did not show recognizable inhibitory actions, and some others enhanced some fungal species. The experimented fungal species exhibited variable responses to the tested algal extracts depending upon the experimented fungal and algal species as well as the applied extract. Interestingly, some algal extracts exerted higher antifungal potential in comparable with the patented antifungal medicine (Nystatin and Clotrimazole). Generally, Alternaria alternata was relatively more resistant to most of the tested seaweed extracts where as Fusarium oxysporum was more sensitive. The present study confirms the potential use of seaweed extracts as a source of antifungal compound and may constitute a basis for promising...

Studies on Anti-Fungal Activity of Different Macro Algal Extracts against Soil Borne Pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

“…The typical symptom of this pathogen is rapid wilting and sickly appearance of plants with brownish lesion at the stem base near the soil lane which later girdles the stem [2]. The whitish mycelial growth forms over the infected tissue and often radiates over the soil surface [3]. S. rolfsii typically produces abundant white mycelium and small, brown, round sclerotia on the diseased tissue under hot humid conditions [4].…”

PHYTOL-CONTAINING SEAWEED EXTRACTS AS CONTROL FOR Ganoderma boninense

“…Seaweeds or also known as macrolagae are marine plants which have shown to have some fungicidal potential (Demirel et al, 2009). A number of studies have proposed the potential of seaweeds in inhibiting fungal species (Khanzada et al, 2007;Aruna et al, 2010;Manivannan et al, 2011;Stein et al, 2011;Peres et al, 2012;Rajasulochana et al, 2013;Am et al, 2015;Ambika and Sujatha, 2015). For example, a study by Rajasulochana et al (2012) showed Kappaphycus alvarezii expressed maximum activity against Pseudomonas fluorescence, Aspergillus fumigatus and Staphylococcus aureus but lower inhibition on Vibrio cholera and Proteus mirabilis.…”

“…In another study, five brown seaweed extracts namely Sargassum vulgare, Cystoseira barbata, Dictyopteris membranacea, Dictyota dichotoma and Colpomenia sinuosa, displayed high anti-fungal activities against eight fungal species. Some algal extracts even exhibited anti-fungal activity that is relative to commercial anti-fungal medicine (Am et al, 2015). Seaweeds are abundant in Malaysia and most of their potential and advantages are under-explored.…”

Isolation, characterisation and in vitro screening of anticataract potential of Fucoidan from Sargassum wightii Greville

“…It is widely distributed in the southern coasts of Tamilnadu, India and many parts of Asia (6). It has been traditionally used in the Chinese medicine and wide range of bioactive properties has been reported from this species (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). This genus is an ideal target for investigating presence of biomolecules for various medical and industrial applications (14).…”