Antifungal Mechanism of Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid against Pestalotiopsis kenyana

Abstract

Pestalotiopsis sp. is an important class of plant pathogenic fungi that can infect a variety of crops. We have proved the pathogenicity of P. kenyana on bayberry leaves and caused bayberry blight. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, and environmental friendliness, which can prevent fungal diseases on a variety of crops. In this study, the effect of PCA on the morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics of P. kenyana has been investigated, and the potential antifungal mechanism of PCA against P. kenyana was also explored. We applied PCA on P. kenyana in vitro and in vivo to determine its inhibitory effect on PCA. It was found that PCA was highly efficient against P. kenyana, with EC50 around 2.32 μg/mL, and the in vivo effect was 57% at 14 μg/mL. The mechanism of PCA was preliminarily explored by transcriptomics technology. The results showed that after the treatment of PCA, 3613 differential genes were found, focusing on redox processes and various metabolic pathways. In addition, it can also cause mycelial development malformation, damage cell membranes, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, and increase ROS levels. This result expanded the potential agricultural application of PCA and revealed the possible mechanism against P. kenyana.

Fusarium biocontrol: antagonism and mycotoxin elimination by lactic acid bacteria

“…Electron microscopic analysis of PCA against Botrytis cinerea revealed mycelial withering with edge burrs, rupturing of vacuoles, and distorted structure of various organelles ( Zhang et al, 2015 ). In a phenazine-1-carboxylic acid treatment of Pestalotiopsis kenyana phytopathogenic fungus, damage of cell membranes and mycelial formation, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased ROS levels were observed ( Xun et al, 2023 ). A phenazine compound was obtained from Lactococcus spp.…”

First Report of Fungal Pathogens Causing Leaf Spot on Sorghum–Sudangrass Hybrids and Their Interactions with Plants

“…To explore the interaction between SCBZSX5 and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, we analyzed the whole metabolome between infected sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and healthy plants [13]. The PCA score map (Figure 10a) showed that the PC1 and PC2 accounted for 58.42% and 30.24% of the total variance, respectively, indicating that there were significant differences in the metabolic profiles of different groups of samples.…”