Antifungal Effect of Camellia Seed Cake Extract on Aspergillus flavus

Abstract

Aspergillus flavus is a well-known, widespread fungus that contaminates a great number of crops used for human and animal consumption, but previous study showed that camellia seed cake was not susceptible to A. flavus. This study was designed to evaluate the antifungal effect of the active substance in camellia seed cake on the growth and production of aflatoxins of A. flavus. Eighty percent methanol extracts of camellia seed cake showed greater activity than that of 80% ethanol, ethyl acetate, and pure water against A. flavus. The filtrate from the 80% methanol extract was extracted with ethyl acetate and saturated n-butanol; among the extracts, the n-butanol phase exhibited strong inhibitory activity against A. flavus. The inhibitory zone diameter increased from 15.25 mm at 25 mg/mL concentration up to 22.00 mm at 100 mg/mL concentration. The mycelial dry weight was reduced significantly from 0.16 g at 25 mg/mL to 0.11 g at 100 mg/mL, whereas the aqueous and ethyl acetate phases exhibited weak antifungal activity and no activity, respectively. In addition, the n-Butanol phase inhibited the production of aflatoxin B1 effectively, caused mycelia deformity, and reduced the production of conidia. n-Butanol extract of camellia seed cake exhibited apparent antagonistic effect on the growth and aflatoxin production of A. flavus. The concentration of 100 mg/mL worked best. This study provides a scientific basis for further study of its inhibiting mechanism. HIGHLIGHTS

The Effect of Camellia oleifera Cake Polysaccharides on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, Blood Profile, and Caecum Microorganisms in Yellow Broilers

“…5 Average daily feed intake, g/bird/day. 6 Feed conversion ratio, feed intake (g)/body weight gain (g).…”

Study on the antifungal mechanism of Chinese herbal extract on Botryosphaeria dothidea

“…These seven Chinese herbal extracts were compounded in the above ratios to give a product termed CHEC, which contains a number of active substances such as baicalein (from Scutellaria baicalensis ), eugenol (from Syzygium aromaticum ), cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamomum cassia ), gleditsia saponins (from Gleditsia sinensis ), pogostone (from Pogostemon cablin ), acoramone (from Acorus calamu s), camellia saponins (from Camellia oleifera ). According to relevant references (Juneja & Friedman, 2007; Kai et al, 2020; Pei et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2019), these substances have strong antifungal effects and are more effective when used in combination. There have been a lack of available studies so far on the antifungal mechanism of the CHEC against post‐harvest soft rot of kiwifruit.…”

Effect of extraction solvents on antioxidant and skin-whitening potentials of defatted Camellia seed cakes

“…Thus, it is important to explore an effective strategy to make full use of the resource to improve the economic value and health benefits of Camellia seed cake. Solvent type and polarity during the extraction process are reported to affect the nature and amounts of secondary metabolites and the biological capacity of plants (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017). Several studies have revealed the impact of various solvents on phytochemical composition contributing to antioxidant activity and reuse them by using water and alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, as solvents (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017).…”

“…Solvent type and polarity during the extraction process are reported to affect the nature and amounts of secondary metabolites and the biological capacity of plants (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017). Several studies have revealed the impact of various solvents on phytochemical composition contributing to antioxidant activity and reuse them by using water and alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, as solvents (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017). Among organic solvent systems, methanol is known as an efficient solvent to extract the best, but it can cause adverse health effects and cannot be directly used (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017).…”

“…Several studies have revealed the impact of various solvents on phytochemical composition contributing to antioxidant activity and reuse them by using water and alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol and propanol, as solvents (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017). Among organic solvent systems, methanol is known as an efficient solvent to extract the best, but it can cause adverse health effects and cannot be directly used (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017). At the same time, ethanol is a safer alternative solvent for human consumption (Wang et al, 2019;Tsai and Lin, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Ngo et al, 2017).…”