Antifungal drug resistance of oral fungi

Niimi, Masakazu; Firth, Norman; Cannon, Richard D.

doi:10.1007/s10266-009-0118-3

Cited by 136 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(143 reference statements)

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“…Amphotericin B is an effective treatment, but often causes adverse effects such as kidney injury and hypokalemia [25,26]. Yeast azole resistance may be intrinsic or acquired (see Niimi and collaborators for a review [27]). To overcome the problem of antifungal resistance, plants have been extensively studied as alternative treatments [17,25,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibilities of Candida albicans Mouth Isolates to Antifungal Agents, Essentials Oils and Mouth Rinses

et al. 2012

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Forty Candida albicans strains isolated from patient's mouth with fixed orthodontic appliances were analyzed to their susceptibilities to antifungal agents, mouth rinses and essential oils. Susceptibility to fluconazole, econazole, miconazole and ketoconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin was assessed by the disk diffusion (DD) method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M44-A protocol, and by Etest (fluconazole and amphotericin B). The susceptibilities to mouth rinses and essential oils were also determined by the DD technique. All isolates tested were susceptible (S) to amphotericin B, nystatin and fluconazole. The overall concordance between the DD and the Etest was 100% for amphotericin and fluconazole. One isolate was resistant to econazole (2.5%) and the other to ketoconazole (2.5%). Econazole and ketoconazole had the highest percentages of susceptible dose dependent (SDD), 55 and 95%, respectively. Regarding to the susceptibility isolates profile, seven phenotypes were detected, and the 3 more represented (90% of the isolates) of them were SDD to one, two or three azoles. The study of mouth rinses showed a high variability of efficacy against C. albicans. The results showed that the isolates susceptibility to essential oils differed (P \ 0.05). The profile activity was: cinnamon [ laurel [ mint [ eucalyptus [ rosemary [ lemon [ myrrh [ tangerine. The main finding was that the susceptibility to cinnamon and laurel varied among the three more representative antifungal phenotypes (P \ 0.05). The susceptibility of econazole-SDD isolates to cinnamon and lemon was higher than those of the econazole-S yeasts (P \ 0.05). In contrast, econazole-SDD isolates were less affected by laurel than econazole-S counterparts (P \ 0.05).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibilities of Candida albicans Mouth Isolates to Antifungal Agents, Essentials Oils and Mouth Rinses

et al. 2012

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“…However, the use of these drugs can cause side effects and lead to microbial development of resistance. 4,5 The increase in the resistance of microorganisms to conventional antifungal drugs has encouraged studies designed to discover new treatments for infections caused by Candida spp. 6,7 The use of probiotics to prevent or treat Candida infections may be an interesting strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 inhibits biofilm formation by C. albicans and attenuates the experimental candidiasis in Galleria mellonella

et al. 2015

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(2015) Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 inhibits biofilm formation by C.albicans and attenuates the experimental candidiasis in Galleriamellonella, Virulence, 6:1, 29-39, DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014 Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus have been studied for their inhibitory effects on Candida albicans. However, few studies have investigated the effect of these strains on biofilm formation, filamentation and C. albicans infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on C. albicans ATCC 18804 using in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro analysis evaluated the effects of L. acidophilus on the biofilm formation and on the capacity of C. albicans filamentation. For in vivo study, Galleria mellonella was used as an infection model to evaluate the effects of L. acidophilus on candidiasis by survival analysis, quantification of C. albicans CFU/mL, and histological analysis. The direct effects of L. acidophilus cells on C. albicans, as well as the indirect effects using only a Lactobacillus culture filtrate, were evaluated in both tests. The in vitro results showed that both L. acidophilus cells and filtrate were able to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation and filamentation. In the in vivo study, injection of L. acidophilus into G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans increased the survival of these animals. Furthermore, the number of C. albicans CFU/mL recovered from the larval hemolymph was lower in the group inoculated with L. acidophilus compared to the control group. In conclusion, L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 inhibited in vitro biofilm formation by C. albicans and protected G. mellonella against experimental candidiasis in vivo.

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“…Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection diagnosed in humans [41][42][43] . Due to the emergence of pathogens resistant to conventional antifungals and the toxicity of some antimycotics, intense efforts have been made to develop more effective antifungal agents for clinical use [44][45][46][47][48] . The pathogenesis of C. albicans is multifactorial and different virulence attributes are important during the various stages of infection [20,21,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55] .…”

Section: Tripeptidyl Peptidases Dipeptidyl Peptidasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protease expression by microorganisms and its relevance to crucial physiological/pathological events

Santos¹

2011

WJBC

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The treatment of infections caused by fungi and trypanosomatids is difficult due to the eukaryotic nature of these microbial cells, which are similar in several biochemical and genetic aspects to host cells. Aggravating this scenario, very few antifungal and anti-trypanosomatidal agents are in clinical use and, therefore, therapy is limited by drug safety considerations and their narrow spectrum of activity, efficacy and resistance. The search for new bioactive agents against fungi and trypanosomatids has been expanded because progress in biochemistry and molecular biology has led to a better understanding of important and essential pathways in these microorganisms including nutrition, growth, proliferation, signaling, differentiation and death. In this context, proteolytic enzymes produced by these eukaryotic microorganisms are appointed and, in some cases, proven to be excellent targets for searching novel natural and/or synthetic pharmacological compounds, in order to cure or prevent invasive fungal/trypanosomatid diseases. With this task in mind, our research group and others have focused on aspartic-type proteases, since the activity of this class of hydrolytic enzymes is directly implicated in several facets of basic biological processes of both fungal and trypanosomatid cells as well as due to the participation in numerous events of interaction between these microorganisms and host structures. In the present paper, a concise revision of the beneficial effects of aspartic protease inhibitors, with emphasis on the aspartic protease inhibitors used in the anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapy, will be presented and discussed using our experience with the following microbial models: the yeast Candida albicans , the filamentous fungus Fonsecaea pedrosoi and the protozoan trypanosomatid Leishmania amazonensis .

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Antifungal drug resistance of oral fungi

Cited by 136 publications

References 124 publications

Susceptibilities of Candida albicans Mouth Isolates to Antifungal Agents, Essentials Oils and Mouth Rinses

Susceptibilities of Candida albicans Mouth Isolates to Antifungal Agents, Essentials Oils and Mouth Rinses

Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 inhibits biofilm formation by C. albicans and attenuates the experimental candidiasis in Galleria mellonella

Protease expression by microorganisms and its relevance to crucial physiological/pathological events

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