Antifungal Carvacrol Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles

Vitali, Alberto; Stringaro, Annarita; Colone, Marisa; Muntiu, Alexandra; Angiolella, Letizia

doi:10.3390/antibiotics11010011

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Carvacrol's antimicrobial properties are higher than those of other volatile compounds present in essential oils due to hydrophobicity, the presence of the free hydroxyl group, and the phenol moiety (Sharifi-Rad et al, 2018). Given the chemical and physical characteristics of carvacrol, the use of an appropriate nano-based drug delivery system is becoming increasingly widespread (He et al, 2019;Niza et al, 2020;Miranda-Cadena et al, 2021;Vitali et al, 2021). Previous studies have described a stable carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion with absence of cytotoxicity (Dantas et al, 2021;Motta Felício et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since praziquantel is the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 240 million people worldwide, there is an urgent demand for new antischistosomal agents. Natural compound-loaded nanoparticles have recently emerged as a promising alternative for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Carvacrol is an antimicrobial monoterpene present in the essential oil extracted from several plants, especially oregano (Origanum vulgare). In this study, a carvacrol nanoemulsion (CVNE) was prepared, characterized, and administered orally (200 mg/kg) in a mouse infected with either immature (prepatent infection) or adult (patent infection) Schistosoma mansoni. For comparison, data obtained with an unloaded nanoemulsion (blank formulation), free carvacrol, and the drug of reference praziquantel are also presented. CVNE was more effective than free carvacrol in reducing the worm burden and egg production in both patent and prepatent infections. Favorably, CVNE had a high effect in terms of reducing the number of worms and eggs (85%–90%) compared with praziquantel (∼30%) in prepatent infection. In tandem, carvacrol-loaded nanoemulsion markedly improved antischistosomal activity, showing efficiency in reducing worm and egg burden, and thus it may be a promising delivery system for the treatment of schistosomiasis.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To this end, various drug delivery platforms have been used for enhancing carvacrol antibiofilm efficacy. Vitali et al (2021) used an ionic gelation procedure to synthesize chitosan NPs loaded with carvacrol. Afterward, the antibiofilm activity of carvacrol-loaded NPs was evaluated against Candida biofilms.…”

Section: Carvacrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that the antibiofilm activity of synthesized NPs was significantly dependent on the Candida species; accordingly, C. krusei and C. tropicalis showed the most susceptibility to the treatment. The authors suggested that the structures of biofilms in the studied species could affect the response to carvacrol-loaded NPs ( Vitali et al, 2021 ). Studies indicate that the mature biofilm structure of C. albicans has a heterogeneous structure, composed of hyphae and blastospores surrounded by extracellular polysaccharides.…”

Section: Carvacrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, C. glabrata biofilm community consists of yeast cells multilayer, intimately packed or arranged in cell clusters. Furthermore, C. tropicalis biofilm consists of a network of yeast, pseudohyphae, and hyphal yeast, with intense hyphal budding ( Chandra et al, 2001 ; Bizerra et al, 2008 ; Silva et al, 2009 ; Vitali et al, 2021 ). Thus, it can be concluded that the antibiofilm effect of carvacrol and drug delivery platforms based on this compound should be evaluated against various Candida species.…”

Section: Carvacrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The biofilm communities of Candida are resistant to various antifungal treatments. The ability of Candida to form biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces is considered one of the most important virulence factors of these fungi. Extracellular DNA and exopolysaccharides can lower the antifungal penetration to the deeper layers of the biofilms, which is a serious concern supported by the emergence of azole-resistant isolates and Candida strains with decreased antifungal susceptibility. Since the biofilms’ resistance to common antifungal drugs has become more widespread in recent years, more investigations should be performed to develop novel, inexpensive, non-toxic, and effective treatment approaches for controlling biofilm-associated infections. Scientists have used various natural compounds for inhibiting and degrading Candida biofilms. Curcumin, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, linalool, geraniol, cineole, saponin, camphor, borneol, camphene, carnosol, citronellol, coumarin, epigallocatechin gallate, eucalyptol, limonene, menthol, piperine, saponin, α-terpineol, β–pinene, and citral are the major natural compounds that have been used widely for the inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms. These compounds suppress not only fungal adhesion and biofilm formation but also destroy mature biofilm communities of Candida. Additionally, these natural compounds interact with various cellular processes of Candida, such as ABC-transported mediated drug transport, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial activity, and ergosterol, chitin, and glucan biosynthesis. The use of various drug delivery platforms can enhance the antibiofilm efficacy of natural compounds. Therefore, these drug delivery platforms should be considered as potential candidates for coating catheters and other medical material surfaces. A future goal will be to develop natural compounds as antibiofilm agents that can be used to treat infections by multi-drug-resistant Candida biofilms. Since exact interactions of natural compounds and biofilm structures have not been elucidated, further in vitro toxicology and animal experiments are required. In this article, we have discussed various aspects of natural compound usage for inhibition and destruction of Candida biofilms, along with the methods and procedures that have been used for improving the efficacy of these compounds.

show abstract

“…Recent research revealed that carvacrol is essential for action against C. albicans by inhibiting both yeast and hyphae and even drug-resistant bio lms (Mahboubi and Attaran 2019). After treatment of C. albicans with carvacrol, an increase in apoptosis-related markers (DNA fragmentation) was observed (Niu et al, 2020;Vitali et al, 2021). Moreover, Chaillot et al reported that carvacrol is able to change the morphology and integrity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).…”

Section: ; Vitali Et Al 2016]mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and preclinical evaluation of activities of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two phenolic compounds on clinical isolates of Candida spp

Stringaro

Colone

Cecchetti

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A limited therapeutic arsenal is currently available against Candida infections that show high resistance to antifungal agents. For this reason, there is a great need to prioritize testing therapeutic agents for the treatment of candidiasis. The use of essential oils and their phytoconstituents has been emphasized as a new therapeutic approach. The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), polysaccharide content, antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Origanum vulgare L. (OVEO), and its two phenolic compounds carvacrol and thymol were evaluated in four different Candida spp. (Candida albicans and emerging non-albicans Candida (NAC) species such as C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei). The results showed the deep differences between Candida species; for example, C. tropicalis revealed higher resistance than other strains to different natural molecule treatments. The ultrastructural variabilities in the biomembranes and cell walls of these Candida spp. might explain the different biological effects observed after OVEO, carvacrol and thymol treatments. Therefore, to study the biological effects of these natural compounds on Candida strains, the samples were observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the release of cellular materials and their “in vivo” antimicrobial activity on infected G. mellonella larvae were evaluated.

show abstract

Antifungal Carvacrol Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

Therapeutic Efficacy of Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion in a Mouse Model of Schistosomiasis

Natural Compounds: A Hopeful Promise as an Antibiofilm Agent Against Candida Species

In vitro and preclinical evaluation of activities of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two phenolic compounds on clinical isolates of Candida spp

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About