Antifungal, antiradical, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities of essential oils of some medicinal plants of the Annonaceae family of Chad and Cameroon

Abstract

Yeasts infections, cancer and other diseases associated with free radical generation and inflammation are currently a critical public health issue that needs innovative control measures. In order to search for solutions, this study was designed to assess the antifungal, radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities of essential oils from four Annonaceae plants (Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica, and Xylopia parviflora) collected in Chad and Cameroon. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation. The antifungal activity of the oils was determined using the microdilution method; and their antiradical activity was determined using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the inhibitory effect of oils against the 5-lipoxigenase. Flow cytometry was used to assess the effect of essential oils on cell cycle. The essential oils of X. aethiopica, X. parviflora, and M. myristica inhibited the growth of Candida albicans ATCC24433, Candida parapsilosis ATCC22019, and Cryptococcus neoformans IP95026 with MIC values ranging from 5 to 10 mg/mL. Essential oils of X. aethiopica, X. parviflora, and M. myristica showed free radical scavenging potential with SC50 values between 8.9 and 11.74 g/L. The oils samples at 100 μg/mL from both origins significantly inhibited cancer cell (MCF-7) and normal epithelial cells of the eye (ARPE-19) growth, with a notable cell cycle arrest at phases G0/G1 and S at 72h respectively. According to the findings of this study, essential oils from Annonaceae plants contain bioactive secondary metabolites that have the potential to inhibit pathogenic yeasts, free radicals, inflammatory and cancer cells. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and formalize their eventual application to control the targeted affections.

Chemical Constituents and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oil from Dried Seeds of Xylopia aethiopica

“…On the other hand, this chemotype combining 1,8-cineole and β -pinene has been reported by several authors from different origins (Cameroon [ 39 ], Nigeria [ 13 ], and Congo Brazzaville [ 56 ]). β -Pinene has been described as the primary compound in several chemotypes [ 14 , 19 , 25 , 31 , 34 – 36 ]. Finally, trans-pinocarveol [ 27 , 35 ], myrtenol [ 27 ], α -pinene [ 19 , 36 , 44 ], and terpinen-4-ol [ 7 , 37 ] have been reported in a certain number of studies.…”

“…It is widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of cough, dysentery, edema, rheumatism stomachache, dizziness, amenorrhea, lumbago, and neuralgia [10][11][12][13]. Some studies have also demonstrated the efcacy of X. aethiopica oil as anticancer [14][15][16], antioxidant [7,12,[17][18][19][20], antimicrobial [13,19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], anti-infammatory [18,22,31], anticholinesterase [7], antimalarial [13], antitrypanosomal [13], antidepressant [32], and insecticidal [33]. Te chemical composition of the essential oil of X. aethiopica fruits is very diverse.…”

“…Te chemical composition of the essential oil of X. aethiopica fruits is very diverse. Nine chemotypes have been reported, and this includes β-pinene [14,19,25,31,[34][35][36], terpinen-4-ol [7,37], 1,8-cineole [13,[38][39][40], germacrene D [17], eugenol [20], sabinene [30,[41][42][43], 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol [44], 3-carene [45], and santalol [46]. To our knowledge, only one study on the chemical composition of essential oils of X. aethiopica seeds from Senegal has been reported.…”