Antifungal and antibacterial activity of seven traditionally used South African plant species active against Candida albicans

Shai, Leshweni Jeremia; McGaw, Lyndy Joy; Masoko, Peter; Eloff, Jacobus Nicolaas

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2008.04.003

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This antibacterial activity was suggested to be the result of a mixture of three fatty acids (palmitic acid, nonanoic acid and 8-heptadecenoic acid) in the ethyl acetate fruit extract, even though Gram-negative bacteria were less susceptible than Gram-positives. Although Eldeen and van Staden (2007) and Shai et al (2008) have reported the efficacy of dichloromethane K. africana bark and leaf extracts against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the dichloromethane extract (EX 2) was less efficacious in the present study. Table 2: Susceptibility analyses of fish-associated Chryseobacterium (n = 36) and Myroides (n = 7) spp.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, vanillin and Kigelia Africana fruit extracts against fish-associated Chryseobacterium and Myroides spp. isolates

Chenia¹

2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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Background: Members of the family Flavobacteriaceae exhibit intrinsic multi-drug resistance, which hampers their effective eradication. Phytochemicals are being explored as alternatives to the use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture since they have growth-promoting, immunestimulating, and antimicrobial properties. Materials and Methods: The susceptibility of 36 Chryseobacterium and seven Myroides spp. isolates from salmon, tilapia and trout as well as 19 selected Flavobacteriaceae type strains to cinnamaldehyde, vanillin and four crude Kigelia africana extracts (ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol and hexane), was assessed using disc diffusion assays and compared to standard antimicrobial agents, ampicillin and tetracycline using activity indices. Results: Cinnamaldehyde (≥250 µg/ml) was the most effective (77. 8 -100% susceptibility) while vanillin was the least effective with inhibitory activity only at 1000 µg/ml. The K. africana hexane extract (4 mg/ml) was the most effective, with only 11.3% of isolates displaying resistance, while 94.4% of isolates demonstrated resistance to ampicillin and 38.9% susceptibility to tetracycline. K. africana extract inhibitory efficacy decreased in the following order: hexane > ethyl acetate > dichloromethane > methanol. Cinnamaldehyde and K. africana EX 4 activity indices ≥ 1 were obtained for 83.3 -97.2% and 25% of Chryseobacterium spp. isolates, respectively, relative to tetracycline. Conclusions: Cinnamaldehyde and K. africana fruit hexane extracts are promising candidates to be tested for their efficacy in the treatment of Chryseobacterium/Myroides-associated fish infections. These phytochemicals might serve as environmentally-friendly, cost-effective alternatives to the use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture farms, with a lesser chance of resistance development.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, vanillin and Kigelia Africana fruit extracts against fish-associated Chryseobacterium and Myroides spp. isolates

Chenia¹

2015

Afr. J. Trad. Compl. Alt. Med.

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“…In some cases, the reported data were carried out for different plant parts/extracts only by diffusion methods or described no significant MIC values (Al-Fatimi et al, 2007;Stafford et al, 2005;Kambizi & Afolayan, 2001;Kumar et al, 1997). However, significant antibacterial activity was previously described for T. emetica (Shai et al, 2008;Germanò et al, 2005), Cassia occidentalis L. (Fabaceae) (Yadav et al, 2010) and Tabernaemontana elegans Stapf. (Apocynaceae) (Pallant & Steenkamp, 2008).…”

Section: Chenopodium Ambrosioides L (Amaranthaceae) Kanunka Unconomentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibacterial activity of some African medicinal plants used traditionally against infectious diseases

Madureira

Ramalhete

Mulhovo

et al. 2011

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…Rapid increases in diseases associated with fungal infection such as candidiasis are related to the increased rate of HIV infection (Shai et al, 2008). Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental opportunistic pathogenic fungus, responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised patients.…”

Section: Some Of the Commonly Encountered Opportunistic And Enteropatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarity of extracts and fractions of four Combretum (Combretaceae) species used to treat infections and gastrointestinal disorders in southern African traditional medicine has a major effect on different relevant in vitro activities

Ahmed

McGaw

Elgorashi

et al. 2014

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Graphical abstractPhenolic-enriched extracts of four Combretum species namely Combretum bracteosum, Combretum padoides, Combretum vendae and Combretum woodii used in South African traditional medicine to treat various ranges diseases were evaluated against some diarrhoeal aetiologies. All the crude extracts and their fractions of varied polarities had good antimicrobial (non-polar fractions) or good antioxidant (polar fractions) activity. The crude extract of all the plant species were cytotoxic to Vero cell lines but did not lead to COX enzyme inhibition. Phenolic-enriched extractsFour Combretum species traditionally used for treating infectious and gastrointestinal complications in southern Africa In vitro assays: antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity AbstractEthnopharmacological importance: Infections and gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders such as diarrhoea causes many problems in human health and animal production. Many Combretum species are used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases by rural people in Africa and Asia. Much of the work done to date on some species to validate their ethnopharmacological use was on the non-polar or intermediate polarity components. Many species are yet to be studied against relevant disease parameters using more polar extracts. Aims:The polar components were extracted and fractionated by solvent-solvent fractionation to yield fractions of different polarities. The activity of these fractions on different parameters that could be involved in infectious and gastrointestinal track (GIT) disorders was investigated. The cytotoxic activities of the extracts were also determined to evaluate the potential of these extracts to combat diarrhoea in production animals. Materials and Methods:Phenolic-enriched leaf extracts of Combretum bracteosum (Cob), Combretum padoides (Cop), Combretum vendae (Cov) and Combretum woodii (Cow) were obtained by extracting with a mixture of 70% acetone acidified with 1% HCl and n-hexane. The extract was sequentially treated by solvent-solvent fractionation with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol to yield fractions with a large variation in polarity. The phenolic constituents of the extracts and fractions were determined using standard procedures. The antioxidant activities were determined using various standard methods. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extracts and fractions against four bacterial and three fungal strains were assessed with a microplate serial dilution method.Cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme inhibitory assays and cytotoxicity studies against Vero cells were also carried out.Result: Some of the fractions had much higher antioxidant activity than the positive controls. The average EC 50 values of the extracts for the DPPH and ABTS antioxidant assays were 0.21-12 µg/ml (Cop), 0.25-16 µg/ml (Cov), 0.33-9.41 µg/ml (Cow) and 4.97-85 µg/ml (Cob) respectively while the mean EC 50 values for the positive controls ascorbic acid and trolox were 1.28-1.51 and 1.02-1.19 ...

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Antifungal and antibacterial activity of seven traditionally used South African plant species active against Candida albicans

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, vanillin and <i>Kigelia Africana</i> fruit extracts against fish-associated <i>Chryseobacterium</i> and <i>Myroides</i> spp. isolates

Antimicrobial activity of cinnamaldehyde, vanillin and <i>Kigelia Africana</i> fruit extracts against fish-associated <i>Chryseobacterium</i> and <i>Myroides</i> spp. isolates

Antibacterial activity of some African medicinal plants used traditionally against infectious diseases

Polarity of extracts and fractions of four Combretum (Combretaceae) species used to treat infections and gastrointestinal disorders in southern African traditional medicine has a major effect on different relevant in vitro activities

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